Notes on the Globe Theatre

Overview

• The Globe Theatre in London is the third version of the original Globe Theatre.
• First built around 1598 and opened in 1599.
• One of four major theaters in the area (Hope, Swan, Rose).

Historical Context

• The original site of the Globe is 200 yards from the modern-day location.
• The original foundations were rediscovered in 1989.
• The south bank of the River Thames was a hub for entertainment during Elizabeth I's reign.
• The theater-goers would travel by ferry or walk over London Bridge.

Theatrical Developments

• The first performance in the Globe was in 1599, showcasing Shakespeare's works.
• Significant events: Death of Queen Elizabeth, accession of James I.
• The first Globe Theatre burned down in 1613 due to a cannon accident during a performance of "Henry VIII."
• Second Globe built in 1614, survived until 1642 when Puritans closed theaters.
• The Puritans demolished the second Globe in 1644.

Reproduction of the Globe

• The third Globe is a faithful reproduction, constructed due to Sam Wanamaker's vision.
• Opened in 1997 by Queen Elizabeth II.

Architecture and Design

• Circular (20-sided) shape with an open-air pit or yard.
• Roof made of Norfolk reed thatch, first since the Great Fire of 1666.
• Walls composed of Lincolnshire oak and plaster (sand, lime, goat hair).
• Interior layout based on a sketch of the Swan Theatre by Johannes Davitt.

Audience Experience

• The pit (or yard) was for the cheapest tickets (around 1,000 'Groundlings').
• Galleries held 2-3,000 people for higher ticket prices.
• Close proximity to the stage was valued for sound and visibility.

Performance Elements

• Performances scheduled for afternoon, ending before dark.
• No performances during Lent or plague outbreaks.
• Actors were primarily men and boys, playing both male and female roles.
• Elaborate costumes were used.

Stage Features

• Stage projects into the pit; audience surrounds it on three sides.
• Roof supported by two pillars, designed to represent marble.
• "Heavens" roof above the stage with painted zodiac signs.
• Trapdoor on the stage for special effects (e.g., grave in Hamlet).
• Balcony above the stage for musicians and scenes (e.g., "Romeo and Juliet").

Cultural Significance

• The Globe Theatre is a crucial part of English history and a significant attraction in modern London.