Overview
This lecture covers the differences between Loyalists and Patriots during the American Revolution and compares the strengths and weaknesses of the British and American armies.
Loyalists vs. Patriots
- Loyalists were colonists who remained loyal to the British king and the existing government.
- Patriots were colonists who wanted independence from Britain and supported revolution.
- Both groups were colonists but held opposing views on the war's outcome.
- Loyalists often worked for the king or benefited from existing conditions.
- Patriots led boycotts and protests to enact change.
- Each group faced harassment if living in an area dominated by the other side.
- Most Patriots fought in the Continental Army; only some Loyalists fought since the British army was already well-trained.
- Loyalists tried to persuade others but eventually many returned to Britain.
- The Patriots were led by the Sons of Liberty and the Continental Congress.
American Army vs. British Army
- American Army had Home Field Advantage and could recruit troops locally.
- British Army was far from home and had to import most soldiers from Britain.
- Americans got help from France, especially its powerful navy.
- British navy was the strongest in the world.
- British used wealth to hire Hessian mercenaries when needed.
- British soldiers were well-trained and well-supplied; American soldiers often lacked training and supplies.
- American soldiers were motivated by ideas of freedom, home, and family.
- George Washington's leadership inspired American troops and contributed to key victories.
- British officers were skilled but underestimated Americans and had troops fighting mainly for pay.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Loyalists — Colonists loyal to the British monarchy during the American Revolution.
- Patriots — Colonists seeking American independence from Britain.
- Home Field Advantage — The benefit of fighting in familiar territory.
- Hessian — German mercenary soldiers hired by the British.
- Sons of Liberty — Group leading Patriot activism and resistance.
- Continental Congress — Governing body of the American colonies during the Revolution.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the strengths and weaknesses of both armies.
- Prepare to learn about major battles and the war’s conclusion in the next lecture.