Assalam alaikum students. starting off This is your topic support and movement. it Our third topic is going to be one shot Of the series. We were nervous at first Completed the chapter on coordination. After that the chapter on reproduction. Now this We have a chapter on support and movement Is. We will get maximum things of this in this forest We will cover it in a short lecture. So As in the beginning of every lecture we First let us look at the contents of PMDC. You can see the contents of this PMDC is that first of all PMDC has given you Human Skeleton has been asked to read. is human In the skeleton, remember that What things do you want to see? one then You're gonna have your endoskeleton. What I said one is your endoskeleton Going to do. now in this endoskeleton you have what comes? The bone comes and your In comes the cartilage. the cartilage of the bone We will look at the structure in detail What things did you learn in the exam point of view You have to understand what is important for you from the view. And Along with this we also know about the division of human We will also look at the skeleton. did I say? To the Division of Human Skeleton. now aldeo Here in the headings of all the topics you will see that This topic is not mentioned. But who The main heading is human skeleton related to this While doing this we will cover this topic also. Ok? Divisions of the Human Skeleton. so this We have two topics which we have considered the most First, the details have to be covered inside. all Paired Bonus, All Unpaired Bonuses, Space key bonus, axial skeleton as much as The bonus is all that pendicular skeleton We have to make a deal. So the cartilage is done, I got boned. We have to see this. at the same time Which are the main functions of the bones? Are there sales? which cartilages are are important and where are present? This is a big important thing Children. Ok? We have to see these things Is. And then after that we move towards the muscles do. This is very important children. The muscles which are there in this muscle, we have Skeletal muscles have to be covered in detail. Its ultra structure has to be dealt with. along with its mechanism of contraction I have to see it. Smooth muscles, Cardiac muscles, skeletal muscles all of these we We are also discussing it in the form of comparison Will be. and the ultra structure i told you I already told you. and what else is there besides that we have explained the muscle contraction in detail I have to study. Its complete mechanism. So to read the mechanism we need to know the details I will have to go in. A band, I band Will have to see. What things happen? so that We will tell you all the things in detail here Will be covering inside the video. Then The topic of joints comes and the The topic of the disease arthritis comes up. So We will be watching this too, Insha Allah. Which joints are important? Which contains the joint cavity. Which ones Are they movable? Which ones are movable? So this is going to be our topic today. Is. Inshallah after this video you will get this support and movement which is revise revise It will be done very well. see it here now Which topic should be covered first in past papers? We have to give study as major priority happened. Now let us see the same thing that division of human Skeleton is not directly mentioned. But This topic is most common in past papers Questions are coming from. So in the way that you You will get the test with this video. I will tell you about the division of human skeleton. I am making him practice the good questions. Correct Is? So, Division of Human Skeleton is done. After that the next important topic is, That bone and cartilage. 11 questions are coming In Past Papers. Bone and Cartilage The one. Bone's reversal system for children It is not clear. I will give you that in detail I will get it covered here. inshallah bone ke with reference to and the structure that is going to be is it related to that then you have no confusion She will not stay. Ok? so here's the bone end The cartilage is done. After that we have The topic of joints comes up. Joints and Almost as many questions as one from arthritis If yes then the incense is equal. and to them we give You can also say that you have Topics of listence is. did I say Topics of listence is. ok sir ji. Next comes to types of muscles Topic of. Did I say types of muscles? The topic is and here we have discussed the comparison Mainly smooth muscle, cardiac muscle He is covering skeletal muscle in detail Will be. Then we have the ultrastructure The mechanism of skeletal muscle is understood and the control of cross bridges comes Are. These also have seven, seven, eight questions You get to see it in past papers Are. There is some meaning behind it. So we can say that Are. Move ahead. Now, that is the priority. this is me Now I will tell you in every video. telling me again Am. Strictly PMDC Syllabus Kids. Strictly PMDC Syllabus Out Of I don't want to discuss the syllabus thing and a lot of Question practice. You can find the videos here There is question practice inside as well, chapter wise even inside the test, then you have quarters Even in the test, then in the half syllabus test also, then after that in full syllabus test Too. And remember that here it is chapter wise Since in the test we cover one chapter If we discuss, there are 55 questions each. But in this Inside you will find complete 81 81 which is your biology The weightage of this is 45% and we are satisfied with it This has to be done in the form of these 81 questions. So 81 questions will be available quarter wise Because there are more chapters in the test It happens. So these are the things, Inshallah You must be watching. Now let's go to the first one On to the question. What Surrounds the Haversian Canals in concentric rings? Sir what is this Haversian Canal? Sir this What is present in concentric rings it occurs? trabeculi lamella canaliculi. what do you mean by canaliculi? what is this? Move ahead. One more Look at the question. in we direction do the vakkams Canal runs relative to the Haversian Canals? In which direction does the vokmus canal run Are? Relative to Haversian Canals? What Do you do a parallel run? do you do a circular run Are? Do you do diagonal runs? What Do you run perpendicular? right now you solved it I won’t be able to do it. But next thing I'll tell you I am going to teach him things, Inshallah After listening to this you can very easily first of all Take a screenshot. because this is the maximum These are the things which are related to bonus and its sales You should know from. and the Haversian Our system is the topic of our next slide. It is going to happen. So let’s start your from the endoskeleton. Now remember the humans This endoskeleton is in its main What are functions? Remember that different parts of the body has got protection. like you get this The lungs are inside your thoracic cavity. Protected by the rib cage. What is a Ribj? There are bonuses. And this bonus is combined with the endoskeleton are making the. Look at the brain. this brain What is it protected from? or your the cranium which is the skull bone It is protected. Look at the Spinal Cord It is protected by the vertebral column. So The need is that endoskeleton protection He always plays his role. Now you move. I with my hand I am moving the gestures. I am a place I am moving from another place. your tongue I am using muscles. so I Somewhere with your coordinated movements I am using the . Joe Skeletal It's between muscles and bonus. So this Plays a part in the movement. and its Apart from this, the bone inside this endoskeleton It has a mineralized structure The matrix exists. 65% in organic 35% organic matter is mentioned. They Let us see the percentage further, very nice Is. So this role plays in mineral storage He does. Calcium Specially Big It is an important mineral and its storage helps in Does role play. Then it comes to blood of cell production. it is also called metopsis Are. Call it Haemopsis or Hematopsis. Blood Getting the cell produced is its biggest There is a major role. Red Blood Cell Production To have, WBC production to happen. These It has major functions. These are the bone marrows present inside it There is red bone marrow inside the spongy bone. What is the function of this red bone marrow? Red Blood Getting the cells produced. Ok? Ahead Look, I am talking to you about bones. Are. What is a bone? it is 1/3 of connective Tissue. Both bone and cartilage are connective Tissue. and if you are asked a question What is the hardest connective tissue? the hardest connective tissue in children, so You have the hardest connective tissue There is a bone. and if asked Which is the softest connective tissue Is? so softest connective tissue mention To do this, there is blood. Ok? Now in this you see a the terminal portion which we call Epiphysis. Terminal broader portion. see this You are staying here. What is this? it its The terminal is the broader portion which we call Label the epiphysis. At the same time, this one also has epiphysis There is a region. This middle shaft region is We label the diaphysis. Diaphysis Let's label it. See Diaphysis middle shaft region. remember Major Abundant of the Bone in the Epiphysis The portion is of spongy bone. And remember spongy bone is the site where But major red bone marrow is found. that This means that the epiphysis is the region where the red You will majorly see the bone marrow. This is a very important point. Red Bone Marrow. You will talk about the middle shaft region which that the diaphysis occurs. it is there for you There is a central cavity. Central Cavity and remember inside this central cavity Majorly you will see yellow bone marrow. yellow bone marrow Look, all these points are clear to you. This should be done as per the anatomy of bones. And This is also an objective thing that the bones in your one by third of nearby connective tissues These are connective tissues. Ok? And the hardest is connective tissue. Along with this it is also mentioned What is the name of the outer protective layer of bone Is? So mention the name of this outer protective layer Will do the periosteum. And what about the inner protective layer? is there a name? So remember what is that? Endostium. Major functions of the presence of these layers Does it play a role in nutrition? Are. Now you will learn the Havers system which is I will teach you about osteon channels in it I will tell you by reference what are the Vokamas Canal. Wockham's Canal We call these vaginal canals perforating Also called canals. perforating canals Because the work of these perforating canals There is nutrition providing from periosteum to Endostium. We'll discuss it later. Their orientation is also central canal From. They lie like this. Perpendicular. this is it We also had a question in the past. Let's raise it from here. Let us read the remaining points. what are you writing We have? We have it here Cartilage. Have to remember this. Cartilage Softener It happens because of bone. Softer than bone. but that doesn't mean that this It is not hard. it is hard but it is Softer than bone. just for comparison The matter is discussed. And it covers ends of Bonus. Specifically, there is a cartilage here is the hine cartilage that is present at the Ends of Law Long Bonus. and this is the most There is abundant cartilage. Most Abundant Cartilage. Through out is visible in the respiratory tract Is. Apart from one structure. Now this What is an exception? these are in mcq We will discuss. the cells of cartilage what is it said? Chondrocytes. Bone's There are sales too. There are three kinds of Are. He reads below. right now the cartilage What are the cells called? Condocytes. and in reference to cartilage and even more wildly These are very important things. Any There is no lymphatics. There are no nerves. No nerve supply. no blood supply No. And lack of blood supply means you People are realizing that they are not getting nutrition This one. And when nutrition is not available Then what is the source of nutrition for this will be? Simple Diffusion Kids. this is Variant Point. Variant Point. and of the bone remember that type one collagen is present inside It happens. type one collagen and you have type inside the cartilage Two collagens are present. Ok? and its matrix is divided into cartilage of calcium salts. while in bonus You are getting calcium salts which are extremely abundant Appears in amount. No nerves, no lymphatics, no blood Vessels. Remember all these things. now come On the bonus sales side. Bonus Sales Three There are types. One is osteoblasts. Number two are osteocytes. These would have been There are mature bone cells. matured Osteoblasts are immature. Let's mention osteoplasts. These You have multinucleated ones. Have phagocytic mechanism. in place to place You need protection from bacteria. to provide that bacteria with that Phagocytes are present according to the location There are. Just understand that the bone's What are phagocytes called? Concepts to understand osteoplasts To make someone sit. Now what is Osteoplast? Is? Let us read it first. you have this There are bone forming cells. Bone Forming The cells are mononucleated. Mononucleated. Collagen will be type one only. There are immature bone cells. what is the function It happens? Mineralization. Whose? Mineralization of the matrix of bone. Let's look at osteocytes. we have this Contains healthy bone maintaining cells. Healthy bone maintaining cells. and regulate bone response to stress and Load. This is the introduction of the book of KPK. Memory keep it. and when you look at its structure then Do it like this with extreme extensions It is visible because healthy bones If you maintain it then the extension is here are present because of Osteocytes are the source of healthy bones Keeps the tissue maintained. Osteolysis remember this in reference to There are multinucleated cells. There are multinucleated cells. Bone Play their role in resorption. Bone resorption means the removal of bone from the body. Works to extract minerals. When Over deposition is happening And where are they found? found at the Sites of Old Injured Bone. And I first I just told you that their phagocytic mechanism It happens. Think of it like this - bone's phagocytes He is right here. Ok? So these are bone cells. Read the bones, read the cartilage. Read the main functions. Now let's come here Moving on to types of cartilage What all happens? then read this one No, I will tell you guys in the next slide. I want to ask a question from . You then told me his I have to answer. And now be patient and listen to this because the answer is probably probably you You will give the wrong one. I am telling you in advance. the first is the hyalan cartilage. Hi Cartilage. remember to do this instead Do not play the video further and play it further and go to the slide where I put that It is on display. look at this without reading You are able to respond to the information provided yes. If you can answer and give the correct answer if you find it very good. very good. Hi cartilage it is found at the ends of Long Bonus. tell me in advance and most abundant If asked which cartilage is it So we have bone cartilage. through Outside the respiratory track is visible. through the respiratory track Apart from one structure. and that forest What is the structure? remember that the epiglottis, which is inside the Elastic cartilage is found and it Elastic cartilage external pinnae of It is also present in the ear. did I say Also present in the external pinnae of ear Is. If we talk about fibrocartilage then Remember to keep fibrocartilage present It happens inside these vertebral discs. And If asked, what is the cartilage of the knee Which one is that? If yes, then also tell me Contains fibrocartilage. If we talk about bone matrix then remember that It contains 65 to 70% inorganic matter And in this 65 to 70% the most abundant Inorganic substance is a hydroxy there is appetite which forms of calcium phosphate. This is KPK's book She tells. And organic matter is 30 to 35%. did I say? 30 to 35% of which Collagen is the most abundant organic. 30 90% of 35% is only collagen It happens. Now let's talk about compact bone of the structure. Structure of Compact Bone of. There are two types of bones inside the bone No spongy bone, compact bone. This In the structure of compact bone we have seen its Have to look at the structural unit. which we It is called osteon or fundamental unit Which is called osteon. Diagram now I will explain it further also. first one here See. First of all remember that compact bones There is a hard bone and there is a dense bone. Density It is more. She tells him that she Also provides cortical bone. cortical bone then This name also has to be remembered. Its Fundamentals The units are called osteodes. It is called osteose. and these are Around Remember that concentric layers lie of the lamella. Concentric layers were lying of the lamella. Let me imagine one right now I will show you further with the diagram. but here But let's see why we have to do so much. Let's see here. We are seeing that This is a complete osteon. see this We are completely made of bones Osteons were removed from the compact bone. These rings, these are the ones that you Can be seen. Remember this is concentric rings is this haversian canal in which you Blood vessels are visible. Blood Vessels Are you seeing this, the blood vessels are visible Are. And what is this? Is. These Haversians There is a canal. these are the concentric rings in The concentric rings are called lamellae We give it. Naming the Concentric Lamella Are. And what is the whole thing? These It is an osteon. Let us go. Ok? Now remember something in between these steps There are no spaces left. to those spaces A specific name is given. tell them are the Lecunae. did I say? Lecuna. and it houses you to the osteocytes. Houses osteocytes. Ok? Houses osteocytes. Then I told you about the Haversian Canal. These The Haversian Canal is also known as the Central Canal. They say. In this you know about blood supply It is made of bones. We already talked about this I did it. and in addition a communicating There is also a communication channel which It is called perforating canal or vocum the canal that runs from the per ostium to the endostium Provides nutrition. Its In addition, there are some other microscopic channels which are canaliculi. Memory Keep This Lecuna, he has made a house Osteocytes were kept. nutrition between osteocytes To provide. Transport Nutrients to osteocytes. Remember these are This is the function of the canaliculi. so this Children are very important. Just look at this Let me explain it again from here I think it is most visible in compact bones first an osteon structure that you can see a vokam canal in the center inside which our blood supply is present of bone. We can also see this in the diagram Used to be. and besides these concentric I showed them the rings after drawing them They say lamella. did I say? Lamella. and the concentric There are spaces between the rings which are called Lequeu speaks. and this is the Lecuna House to the osteocytes. Now Nutrition from osteocyte to osteocyte has the job of providing of the canaliculi. And in addition, if this to be asked that This which is one The central canal is constructed. One Central from the canal to the other central canal this one What is this channel that is going on? remember there you have the wokmus canal which Perpendicular is present in central of the canals. fixed bugs? this thing we People are doing it. So these things are natural Associate as such. Now, let's talk about functions Let's see. Function of compact bone is done. Providing attachment side for the muscle. Meaning if the skeletal muscle adheres then it It will come with this compact bone. Spongy Remember that bones are light and rich Inside the Blood Vessels. Is it okay? Red Bone It contains marrow and is highly porous. Correct Is? There are too many pores. This we Also called cancellous bone. trabecular bone also They say. It is porous. Haly Vascular it occurs. These things are being repeated again. What is location? I already told Is. If this is us drawing a bone Its major location is called this epiphysis. Will be visible at the terminal ends. end of long Will look at the bonus. and osteocytes in it Remember they are irregularly placed. did I say? would have been irregularly placed Are. Now this image which is left behind is If you look at the image here, I have a question I have started doing it. now to you guys that this one The cartilage which is this children this is x cartilage Which one is it? V cartilage is this? is this Is it elastic cartilage? is this the solution Is it cartilage? is this fibrocartilage Is? Which cartilage is it? Say. Think. Remember that this cartilage maybe you say. Maybe you could say it's hyalan cartilage. Because it makes us It is visible in the respiratory track. But remember I said it was an exception It exists. The answer is Cartilage Not there. The answer is elastic Cartilage. elastic cartilage because The structure is pin pointed, it is ours The epiglottus is visible from close up. Look at this The door is raised like a hinge. Now! As soon as the food comes it will slide like this from a vertical position to a horizontal in a position where food slips down It will go inside the esophagus. so do this work This has been happening. So who's inside the epiglottus? What is cartilage? Not Highlan Cartilage butt elastic cartilage. Ok? Elastic cartilage. and where does it happen This elastic cartilage? External It is present in the penepherium. External It is present in penfire. Ok? present in the external penetrophy It happens. Now come forward. which of the following is not part of Hebersian System? Which part is not of the Haversian system? which part is not Is? There is no Hevesian Canal. No. this is it Is. But it is not so. This is it. There are no canaliculi. This is it. Yes. Yes There is no epiphysis. Majorly in the epiphysis Spongy bone comes in. While the Habersian the system is that of compact bone It comes in structure. Ok? Look ahead. Which connects adjacent Habersian canals? Adjacent Habershon Canals or Central Who connects the canals? What Why does the canalicular connect? no this So it provides nutrition to the osteocytes. The lamella connects. if not then Concentric rings are named. to concentric rings It is named the Wockhams Canal. Absolutely We also call them perforating canals. And here you have adjacent haversian canals Connects them together. perforating Canals is absolutely fine. There is also this thing about there not being periosteal canals It is wrong. So the Charlie option is absolutely That's right. Let's move ahead. We left some more questions behind. Now let us see when we have read the topic So, can we solve these questions now? What Surrounds the Haversian Canal and Concentric rings? So the Haversian Canal If there are any blood vessels found They go away. So the concentric here Rings are present. Remember this is concentric We have rings called lamellae. What I said lemila. and in between these lamellas we see are the Lecunae. and inside these lacunae Osteocytes are present. now between osteocyte and osteocyte The channel that is there is called canaliculi. and this is what happens calculi which provides nutrition To do the osteocyte. fixed bugs Children. I am telling you over and over again so that Don't forget this now. in which direction do The Wakmesh Canal Runs Relative to the Haversian Canal? Parallel Circular Diagonal Not perpendicular diagonal. a little bit by the way Maybe from the diagram you thought it is diagonal. No, it is not diagonal. perpendicular only It happens. Just in drawing that, we properly because if doctor has to be done then he Don’t do anything wrong. Perpendicular Absolutely Whatever the answer to this is, it is correct. Now let's go Next, we will cover the bone structure in detail. Took it. Aa, I have solved the questions here also. Now come to our division of humans Over the skeleton. now the first thing is I want to see that you get this properly It is visible. Ok? No problem. Now First of all look, here we have There is a bone brother. did I say? Bone brother. Now for these bones brother you have One thing to remember is their axial skeleton. In which total bonus is 80. did I say? Total bonus is 80. And besides that, those who There are bonuses present inside Haddi Bhai they are Bonus of the appendicular skeleton which is 126 They are there, we have written them on the next page I have to discuss it. Right now they have Axial There is a skeleton in it, we have seen their skull We have to discuss which one can get their head in Is. Their rib cage is included in it. Correct Is? did I say? The rib cage comes into play. And in addition their vertebral column would have that you might not be able to see behind you Now. So, we have to discuss these. So First let us discuss the head which It is on that side. remember inside the skull Total bonus is going to be 29. did I Said? 29 There will be eight cranial bones and 14 facial bones Must be. Ok? if it doesn't look right Keep noting this down. I am calling together. Protein Facial Bonus and ET Cranial bonuses are present. now in at In the cranial bonus There are four unpaired bonuses and two paired ones. Now what will be the total of the two pairs? Four. So what is four plus four? total eight Bonus. We have justified this. Now these two are paired. their mnemonic would be is PT. PT means parietal bone. Parietal bone and temporal bone. Temporal bone. And this four is unpaired. their mnemonic would be Hey Sophie. Sophie What are names? sphenoid, occipital, Frontal And you have the ethmoid bone. These are the four unpaired bonuses of skulls. Now let's come to the facial bonus. this total Is 14. It has six paired meaning 12 total and two unpaired so the total becomes 14 This has been justified. Now these six pairs Their mnemonic is PMLN Imran Khan Zardari P means Palatine Palatine From Magzilla M L to Lacimal N to nasal I to inferior conca and z to zygomatic And Vroom will come in unpaired Mandible from Veena Malik. Ok? We were talking about these things. So 14 Facial and eight more, this makes 22. so the rest Where will the bonus come from? The rest of the year will come Ossicles. There are three ear ossicles. Here There are three. What is the total? Three Pairs In which comes Melius. The Incas Steppes. So three and three is six. how much is 22 and six Are? This becomes 28 bonuses. so where is one Went? Remember there is also a hyoid bone. These It is a single bone that rests at the base of the skull It is found below the tongue. and it doesn't Article it with any other bone. remember this To the point. There is a very small bone. Mussels It is completely covered by it. not in sight It comes. Now let's talk about our rib cage. it You can see the rib cage. Remember the rib You can see 12 pairs of ribs in the cage Are. That means you can see a total of 24 ribs. Are. and remember the ribs are posteriorly behind The thoracic With vertebrae. did I say? Thracian With vertebrae. cervical here, thoracic Here, lumbar here, on the lower back. and you have Pelvic vertebrae here. What is their work? Provide Support To do this for chest cavity. of True Ribs The first seven are pairs. What does the falls consist of? are eight, nine and 10. Floating consists of 11 and 12. did I say? 11 and 12. So The first seven ribs are called true ribs so it's called that because it's in the middle of the sternum there is bone right sternum bone with it this Go and connect directly. What I said go and connect directly Are attached directly to the sternum. And the 8th, 9th, 10th pair are attached We do it via the help of costal Cartilage. did I say? Costal Cartilage. And the floating ribs are not attached at all with the sternum. or the last pair Of ribs are. It just floats like this must have been. does not attach at all Going along the sternum. comes again Vertebral column. Remember to have a spine consist Of linear series of 33 vertebrae. and this lies within the four curvatures. One Cervical, second thoracic, lumbar, lower back Walla and pelvic. The fuse from this is our Located inside the pelvic vertebrae. So There are four curvatures. the first cervical which are the vertebrae of Noble. And out of these the first two are cervical The vertebrae which are total are these Seven. the first and the second of these In that our book tells us the name. So the first and the second the first one is called atlas and the other one is called access Vertebra. Ok? Then comes the thoracic Thoracic vertebrae. Ok? They would have These are large spinous processes. Chest Region are contained within. The total number is Of these, 12. 12 Thoracic. Seven cervical 12 Thoracic. There are total five numbers. In the abdominal region or in other words the lower back are present inside. Then come our Near pelvic vertebrae. These are the total Nine anterior five and posterior four fused sacral and coxial vertebrae Let's make it. I'll tell you how to remember The anterior five pack that we have When the vertebrae fuse, the sacral bone It is made. and the posterior four when a fuse If you do this then coggy bone is formed. tell me this Also called bone. Tail bone. Also called tail bone. And this sacrum is made up of interior five It articulates with the iliac bonus Of hip bone. Ok? iliac bonus of the hip Bone. Ok? Let us talk about this. Now Do you know that ilium bone is included in the hip bone? Is. The ischium comes, the pubis comes. His This goes along with the ileum bonus It articulates. Now this fuse is big It is important. Now let's fuse this together Let's imagine what happens. so this The reason which you are seeing is its Stability is very bad There would have been a compromise. Ok? Correct Is? of the hip region. Now let's move forward with our Over the appendicular region. Appendicular Region In this article we have to see the whole link. Is. these arms, these legs, these pelvic girdles, These are the pectoral girdles. What is the clavicle in it? What is the scapula? What is the humerus? What is the radius ulna? We have got all these bonuses I want to see it. so in the appendicular skeleton How much is the total bonus? 126 bonus which is She comes total. did I say? 126 Total bonus comes. First Spectral Check out the girdle here. Pectoral Girdle To. In this you see a pair of Clavicle. this one this calvical, this Clavicle, pair of clavicles. tell them to are the collar bones. or this beauty in females Also speaks bone. Beauty bone. Brest What is called bone? They call it the sternum are in the axial skeleton. Articulation Who does this happen to? with the sternum Here and with the scapula here. And also pair of scapulae are present here It happens. Which are called shoulder blades. Here you will see this at the back side dorsal The scapula is visible in part. his There is a glenoid cavity. Ok? going inside the glenoid cavity Articulates the humerus. Ok? Humerus. Now let's talk about the Four Limbs. Four Lim The first bone you see is this Humerus. and you can see towards the thumb Radius. And this way you see a scream Ulna on the finger side. Ok? First came the humerus. these are yours fits close to the glenoid cavity of The inside of the scapula. Radius Towards the Thumb Side ulna toward the inner side of the forearm And this happens to you without radius. Then You see eight carpals. Eight Short We call these bonuses wrist bonuses. and questions about wrist joint in children it comes that this wrist joint is Articulation with what? Remembering the Carpal Bonus It is formed by articulation with the radius of the key. Then comes the metacarpals. these five There are bonuses. Five Bonus Total Palm Off Makes the hand. then finally the phalanges they are coming. You would have had 14 bonuses Are. Each finger has three phalanges. Thumb This thumb which is inside has two Phalanges are present. This is what we have set foot on Have to read inside also. Pelagdal three fuse There are bones. Illium Pubis Fuse This creates a coccyx bone. So tell me how much cog in the bonus is in Pegaddle will you be present? There will be two. Because the ileum Stimubis is fusing on this side There is a fuse on this side, mill Both taxes are making up the core bonus. Now Like there was a glenoid cavity there. here at The acetablum will be present as a coccygeal bone The inside or inside of the hip bone. now this acetabulum has to give space to the femur so that it can come here Articulate. one thing here pubic Synthesis is also written. remember this Pubic synthesis is nothing. This Pubic synthesis means that your this one is nearby It is a cartilage type thing that is joining Both have coggle bonuses. Ok? Both to Coghill Bonus. of the cartilaginous type There is a joint. Slightly movable joint Can be done. Ok? Let's talk about high Lims. of the Lower Limes Inside. Femur is called thigh bone. this to you It is visible. Thigh bone here. On whom does it have an effect? of the stabulum Inside. Then you see Paella here Which we also call knee cap. Knee Cap The tibia is called the shin bone. Fibula is called the outer bone. it comes again Ankle bonus which we call seven tarsals. As There were eight carpals there. intake here There are tarsals. and the metatarsals like there There were five. Here are five. Articulate with tarsal and phalanges to Form soul. And total here also is 14 There are phalanges. There will be two inside the Big Dough. Like there were a total of two inside the thumb. And There are three phalanges present within each doe. Will be. like there are three fingers There were phalanges. Ok? look at these things Is. So all these bonuses would have been completed here Are. Now come on. The Axle Skeleton Includes all of the following accepts. Here comes the skull, here comes the vertebral column, In comes the ribs. LIMS is ours Are part of the appendicular skeleton. Part of the appendicular skeleton. Look ahead. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes appendicular skeleton. whenever If the name of appendicular skeleton comes up then this Axis yes so these lims are in your mind They should come. and these parts while axial If you come then walk like this. Whatever is happening in between is Sara's The whole thing is part of the axial skeleton. Appendicular Skeleton Includes Skull and Now look at the ribs and sternum, not the spine If it is coming like this then this is not it. Pelvic Girdle and Limbs it looks just fine Is. vertebral column and ribs this is absolutely is just wrong. Charlie is the correct option. Correct Is? Now let us come to the joints. of bonuses In the meantime, remember these articulations we call them joints Are. Articulations Between Two Bonus or Point of attachment between two bonuses or point of attachment between a bone and a Cartilage is the root of all joints and joints We remember the study called arthrology Are. Only then we call this disease arthritis Give the name. The term of arth is that We associate with joints. Diseases of the Joints. A value is written that adult human There are total 360 joints present in it There are. 360 Joints in Adult Human. And what are the functions of this joint? it holds our skeleton and gives Mobility to it. did I say? Gieves Mobility to it. Ok? let's talk Classification of Joints. So First in the classification of joints Here comes the fibrous joint. Then comes Cenoveal Joint. Then comes the cartilaginous joint. Correct Is? Let's talk about fibrous joints. Memory keep in mind that any joint in fibrous joints The cavity is not there. What I said there is no joint cavity present It would have been. Children, this is a very important point. Because synovial joint is the only joint We have to study in which joint cavity is present it occurs. No joint cavity. Strength we provide, we provide support Are. And remember, no movement is allowed do not do. No movement. Plays a protective role. Presence Where does it happen? Inside the skull's sutures. Their presence inside the sutures of the skull it occurs. Root of tooth and socket end Present in the maxilla and mandible. Between sacrum and ilium of pelvic girdle are present. Between Long Bonus Like Inside the Tibia and Fibula Shaft Regions are present. Shaft regions. Radius and present within the shaft region of the ulna Are. Shaft regions. telling specifically Am. Shaft Region Proximal Terminal Ends But there is another type of joint. Cartilaginous Joint when articular surfaces of bone are Connected by cartilage. And there is no joint cavity present in these also It would have been. they allow little movements or sometimes There was no movement at any time. As is costal cartilage. They Attaches the ribs to the sternum. We You saw those false ribs, right? hine cartilage you know. Fibrocartilage you know. Haine Cartilage Joints Between Growing Bonuses There are. That too a cartilage type joint Is. Between rest and ankle bonus. remember We also have this cartilaginous type of joint Is. Let's talk about synovial joints. In these the you can see the joint cavity which is the synovial It is filled with fluid. to the friction It reduces. It lubricates To the articular surfaces. And who surrounds you it occurs? by dense connective tissue which We call it the Fibus Capsule. and inner layer you see the synovial membrane, which that secretes fluid into that joint of the synovial inside the cavity. Synovial synovial fluid in the joint cavity Who does the releasing work? these inner Layer of sonovial membrane. Ok? Ahead Ambulatory. Now let us discuss a little about the synovial joint Let's discuss examples. This is big It is important. comes first in number Hinge joint. Remember this movement is a Alive inside the plane. of a plane Inside. Their origin is immovable Attaches to the bone. and the insertion It is attached to the movable bone Is. Examples include elbow and knee Joint. Ok? Talking about ball and socket joint Are. This is the most freely moving thing we have There is a synobial joint. why am i saying this Am? because we have read more types Is. This example includes the hip joint or Shoulder joint. There are more examples Of the joint. such as gliding joints, Ellipsoidal Joint, Pivot Joint, Saddle Joint. Comes to us at Pivot Joints Between Atlas and Axis. and there are gliding joints between the Vertebrae. Ellipsoidal joints are present between Skull and first vertebra and saddle joint Where are they present? Between Corpo Metacarpal of thumb. one thing here it has skipped which one here Are there joints? Inside the copy. look at this Here are the metacarpals and here are the phalanges Are. So what is the metacarpophalangeal joint What type of joint is it? remember these condyloids It is a type of joint. of the condyloid type Joint Or an ellipsoidal type joint. okay kids move ahead arthritis Now remember the joints in arthritis Its type also spoils it, it is big Is arthritis going to be important? It is inflammatory and degenerative disease There is pain in the joints and there is stiffness There is swelling like you would get here Grandfather seen in pictorial representation Rather grandmother is coming, she is our She's sitting holding Knuckles and here You can specifically see its knee joint Where is the point of pain? Label it with your own hand She is showing it by doing it. And in addition, you here inside the knuckles inside the joints Stiffness and pain are visible. Now remember the acute form of this arthritis There is also a form that causes bacterial invasion. It happens which we treat with antibiotics Can do it. treat with antibiotics Can be done. And there is also a chronic form. is chronic Osteoarthritis comes in this form. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs. Gouty Arthritis occurs. Let us read their details. Now remember that arthritis the membrane lining the joint that thickens It happens. Fluid production decreases and the friction increases Because of which pain occurs. of arthritis Let's start reading the types. First of all Osteolysis comes to us at number one Arthritis. Rheumatide comes at number two Arthritis and gout come at number three Arthritis. Ok? Gouty arthritis. osteoarthritis remember this is a It is a progressive degenerative disease. and if be asked that the most common type of Which arthritis is it? He is with us I have osteoarthritis. and one Balochistan The book talks about people over the age of 65 Which arthritis is most common in years? Is? So remember people older than 65 years The leading cause of inability to do so is There is osteoarthritis. and remember this is a Inherited arthritis may also occur. Meaning its cause could also be inheritance Is. Let us talk next about ruminal arthritis. Remember this is an autoimmune disorder. did I say? Have an autoimmune disorder. Inflammation occurs in the synovial membrane and in this the hand and wrist joint which Arthritis affected joints You can see his arthritis. Now this If it is auto-image then remember that if asked in gouty, rheumatoid and osteoarthritis Which is the most dangerous arthritis? Memory Keep in mind that it is a rheumatoid. this is my point here I am writing. Mention this in your notes In. The Most Dangerous Arthritis Arthritis. Then comes the issue of gout Of arthritis. remember this in those develops due to the metabolisms of The issue comes inside. high level of uric acid In blood. Deposition of sodium urate crystals very It becomes too much. and this is a metabolic There is a disorder. and who is most affected It is a joint, that is the joint of the big toe Is. did I say? joint of big toe hota Is. Ok? maximum all points which are They are getting covered due to this arthritis From. Now let's look at the muscles here Let's discuss the comparison. types of Muscles are our next topic. then we Let's move on to ultrastructure. Types of muscles. So first look at the types of muscle We are talking about smooth muscle. is this Is it involuntary or voluntary? Remember this is an involuntary type of thing There is a muscle. does it have striations are present? Don't remember. There is no in this Striations are not present. These There is unstriped muscle. If we talk about Is this voluntary for cardiac muscle? Involuntary This is involuntary. In this Striations are present. but give me different from the striations of the Skeletal muscle. You have this irregular type There is a strization of. did I say There are irregular type of striations. And if we talk about skeletal muscle then It has the regular striations They happen. did I say regular type The striations are present. Then we will talk about which muscle is uninucleated and which Is it multinucleated? So you answer that this is the smooth muscle It is a uniculated type of muscle. End These muscles are slow to contract. What I asked, what is their speed? the r Slow to contract. Ok? and the next thing This is due to the cardiac muscles. this also You have uninitiated ones. And What is their speed of contraction? Intermediate. Intermediate. And if we talk about As for skeletal muscle, you have it Multi nucleated inside human body There are types of muscles. It has ultra I will tell you this thing in the structure that In which position is its nucleus? But he does it. Inside the cell. muscle fibers In which position does he perform the task? are multinucleated. and their speed What is off contraction? From Slough Rapid. It can also be slow as per the need And it may even increase. then let's talk further Which muscle is fatigue resistant and Cone fatigue may occur. Might get tired. So Fatigue Remember that the muscles are resistant we have smooth muscles and cardiac There are muscles. and we have skeletal muscle I get tired. Ok? I get tired. Let's talk about where they were present Is? So remember we have this smooth muscle Present inside the visceral organs. such as esophagus, stomach, small intestine, Large intestine, for bobble movements They will be present where they need to be. Cardiac muscle is exclusive to the heart And we have skeletal muscle as a bonus are attached. specially its compact Not spongy bone with bone part. Remember that its control should also be spontaneous It could be nervous and hormonal Regulation also This can be done. of cardiac muscle If I talk about it, we have would have been contracting spontaneously Are. control of the autonomic nervous system are present in. Meaning their constructions are SA The node is being generated. Autonomic Nervous control of automatic contractions. The skeletal muscles are also nervous are under the control of the system. Butt Doze R Control of the somatic nervous system are present in. Because these are voluntary muscles. These you I have to control myself. Ok? like me I am still speaking continuously about my tongue I am using it. so these skeletal muscles this is my tongue. Now let me talk a little about KPK And with you from the book of Sindh and Balochistan I would like to do it. The KPK book writes that What is the hardest working muscle? Hardest working muscle. Children, this There are direct objectives. Ok? Direct Objectives. Hardest Working Remember the muscle is cardiac muscle. 2500 He pumps gallons of blood per day Is. I will talk about the smallest muscle in humans In the body we would have had it as stipidius Is. did I say? Stapedius occurs. And let me talk about the strongest muscle. Strongest Muscle Not Hardest Working Muscle. Strongest Muscle Pushing can generate force. He is with us Maziter muscle in job. Let me talk about the longest muscle If you talk about the longest muscle then remember gluteus Maximus occurs. did I say The gluteus maximus is. and this one Information is booked in Sindh How much time does the human eye muscle take does she make a contract? in 0.01 sec makes a contract. Ok? 0.01 Contracts in seconds. Ahead Let us go. Intercalated Discs R Characteristic feature of intercalated discus which muscle Are there characteristic features? Skeletal Muscle, Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or all muscle Types? So remember the intercalated disc You have them available. Nerve Impulses which is generating the cardiac impulses to spread it or their to make the contraptions rhythmical or To synchronize their to the constructions. So what is the answer? intercalated characteristics of cardiac Muscle. Ok? did I say? Cardiac Muscle. fixed bugs? Let's move ahead. which muscle Type is striated and involuntary? There must be striations and it should be involuntary. It should be involuntary and there should be striations. which will have striations and involuntary will be. whether there are irregular striations But if there are striations then it is right. So irregularity and involuntary Cardiac muscle will pass. once again skeletal So it is voluntary. In smooth muscle If there is no strangulation then all of these are also wrong Will be done. It's ok sir ji. o ho ho big statement wala Question. during normal physiological processes certain issues with the human The body operates without conscious control Perform vital functions such as regulating the diameter of blood vessels to maintain blood Pressure. and propelling food through the Digestive Track Using Rhythmic Contractions non as peristalsis. Deez muscles are allocated in the walls that follow Internal organs and are essential for maintaining homeostasis which type of Muscle tissue is responsible for this Involuntary and sustained actions. So Peristaltic, look how many hints there are. Peristasis Movement in the Walls of Hollow Internal Organs, Visceral Organs Homeostasis is being maintained. Winwantry Contraction. So this is the heart muscle No. what is left then is that which is involuntary We have smooth muscle. Ventri Skeletal Cardiac muscle is eliminated from here. Charlie The option is absolutely fine. Ok? Let's move ahead. Now let's read Ultra Structure of Skeletal Muscle. So In the ultra structure of skeletal muscle you First of all people have to see that this is our The first one you have is skeletal muscle. his What is the outermost layer called? Epimysium. did I say? Epimysium This is its outermost layer. Now the stack Not all muscle fibers are in one bundle are enclosed. this bundle inside the bundle I have started taking it out. this I I took out a bundle. Now if asked that this muscle bundle or fasciculus mass Fasciculus of all muscle bundles. of the fasciculus What is the outer layer? remember that We have paramecium. Permyceum. and the connective tissue layer of a muscle fiber what happens? Like here it is a muscle When I took out the bundle. Now out of that When I remove a muscle fiber So remember, the outer layer of this muscle fiber This is the outer connective tissue layer There is endomysium. Endomysium. yes if asked that its muscle cell The muscle fiber of the membrane is a cell, not a muscle So what is the name of its cell membrane? So remember the name of the cell membrane is Myolima. Myolima Or sarcolemma. Lima's term so we with the membrane Associate it. Ok? So you have cleared the term muscle fiber. Took it. Clear the term sarcolemma Took it. T Tibule let me show you. If this is the membrane of the muscle fiber, then it has In this way the invagination that occurs This is a tea tibule. its signifi cance what happens? Whenever there is a muscle contraction nerves to cause muscle contraction If the impulse comes then the nerve will spread the impulse This T-Tube will work to get this done. Now here I am again talking about the T tubule I am making this one full muscle by making it Complete cell. In this you will find sarcoplasm here It is visible. In this sarcoplasm, you will find Glycogen and myoglobin are visible. We also know myoglobin as muscle hemoglobin. I say it. In addition, here you will find cisternal stalks are visible, which we call Name it sarcoplasmic reticulum. This is also the smooth endoplasmic reticulum Are. interesting to remember about these The thing is that they also have calcium pores and also calcium pumps. Why sir? Why? Calcium pores and Why do both calcium pumps exist? Remember that calcium pores are present for this reason So that calcium can be released. So that calcium can be released For muscle contraction. and calcium What are pumps for? Calcium Pumps What are they present for? so that the calcium Uptake should be done. can be re-upped when The muscles have to relax. either of the two One thing also got disrupted. So that's it. No The muscles will be able to relax. not in one condition The muscle will be able to contract. The next thing is Multiple oval nuclei. remember if If a skeletal muscle is present, its Nuclei lie within the cell membrane will be. lots of nuclei means near to plasma lying on the membrane or periphery will be. Now inside this muscle fiber, you will find Different myofables are visible. Meaning Mazd Microscopic Structure Ultra You have to reach the structure, right? Mazd In the microscopic structure, you will see Myofibrils will be visible. And remember this Their diameter is one to two micro. One two two micro. After that myofilaments come under these myofibres Inside. They are thick as well as thin There are. Let us read about these in detail further. And inside these myofilaments, you'll find functional units appear as contractions Of Which we call sarcomere. Ok? did I say? We speak of sarcomeres. Now Come forward. Next up we have Ultra A few things regarding the structure. First we We will read it in text form. then we We will see this with a diagram so that our Let it become a pictorial memory. First of all you The eye band is visible here. Rather, this Let's watch it together. Remember the I Band that this part, this one In which you will get only thin Filaments are visible. and in thine These zigzag lines in between the filaments. These Looking at the zigzag line. this zig zag line What is? G line which we call Jibition. There is a bright line. Gibition sorry zagag line. zigzag line Is. So where there are only and only thin filaments You can see it. this one till here What is this whole part called? Lighter eye band. Ok? did I say? Light colored eye band. and these are isotropic It happens. It is non polarizing. Meaning Its tendency to polarize light not present inside. Because only and Only thin filaments are present here. And What line is the transverse? G Line From which is the exhibition line. comes again We have a band. Now remember the A band. that the whole of this These this also this also what is the whole thing? This is A band. in which the whole of this The part arrives. As far as thick filaments are concerned We are expanding. So this is the whole What is? This is a thick filament. Now in this Look, thin filaments are also coming in some form And there are thick filaments too. but but But there is an interesting thing here and this You can see the M line in the middle. What do you see in the middle? M line. this is it She is bisecting this. There was a dark line Is. There is a bright line. But in its center you also have this H zone It is visible. Remember this is H zone the part where there are thin filaments He will not come. No thin filaments are available. Only thick filaments are found Are. So remember A band is a dark band which is isotropic to n. polarize the light because thick and thin filaments Both are present. but it has an H zone it occurs. There is overlapping in the A band In a little bit of thick and thin filament. But It has an H zone which is bright. but there there is no overlap between thick and thin Fillets in that line. and it is Dissected by M line which is the dark line it occurs. First I said bright line. These There is a dark line. M line. Ok? Now this thing which is between these two Z lines is the distance between two z lines There is distance, remember this is with us It is called sarcomere. called a sarcomere Is. Now these thick filaments that I am making Remember in these thick filaments that The abundant protein is that of myosin it occurs. What is the diameter? 16 of nanometer. Some books are even 15 nanometers She writes. Like it is a book from Balochistan Writes 15 nanometers. Now remember each thick filament is composed Of 300 myosin molecules. each thick The filament is composed of 300 myosin Molecules. and a myosin molecule There are six polypotides present. Six Polypredates are present. Thin Filaments If I talk about it, then from to 8 nanometers They are of diameter. There are three types of these Contains proteins. an actin, tropomyosin Troponin Which is the main protein? Actin And remember this one about the chief protein, actin Keep in mind that this is actually effectin. and this FACTIN is a polymer. Kinka Polymer It happens? of the monomers of actin. and this The shape of gactin mentions the capy kidney Shaped. If you get g actins then f actin A polymer will form. In addition here Contains tropomyosin molecules. Now remember these are the tropomyosin It is a molecule, right? What happened to it? The molecules of tropomyosin you have this binding site of myosin over actin They are covered. binding site of Myosin Over Actin It is covered. and its How many molecules are there? 40 to 60. And these tropomyosin's chains and actin Troponin is present on top of the beads. What is this troponin? Triple Contains polypotide complex. I am such Why am I saying this? because here in Troponin I, Troponin C and Troponin These three polypeptide complexes together Let's make one. Ok? Three polypeptide complexes combine to form this Let's work. Ok? Work of the Troponii It happens in bitary. Inhibitory That this is a muscle contraction and it will end. So the calcium that came and bound to tropin C K will remove it. Tell me brother you go now Relax your muscles. and what is troponin C will he do it? It will come and bind the calcium. and troponin T we have tropomyosin He will go and bind with it. Ok? binds with tropomyosin Will do it. Now when calcium is added to troponin C If it binds then this binding of troponin tropomyosin overactin due to will be displaced causing the myosin to go will bind to the rectin and work on the muscle The contraction will initiate. Ok? This is how this process is happening. hope so you People have understood all this It will be. Let's move ahead. These are the changes During muscle contraction and relaxation. I have written the whole thing in one page The topic has been summarized. First of all you If you want to take a screenshot of this then take it Take it. then we study muscle contraction and First of all, look at relaxation, children. In relaxation you will find overlapping then thin and But that is visible in thick filaments There is no significant overlapping. Ok? You can see the H zone very prominent here. Used to be. H zone. H zone is very prominent you can see it here Used to be. Ok? and also good in g lines There is quite a distance. see this in g lines also No, there is so much distance. When the muscle contracts, these G lines They will come closer to each other. It means I The band will become shorter. I Band It will be shortened. and this is the H zone It's starting to disappear little by little Will go. And if there is further contraction It will ultimately disappear completely. Ok? I am fully contracted here I will talk about the stage in which I call Hon I will make it disappear completely. So remember this band while relaxing There is no effect on it. When the muscle A band relaxes just like it was It happens. After entering into a contract Relax. Remember to elongate the I band goes. H zone appears. M There is no effect on the line. two bands Will be. One M line and one A band. both of these But there is not going to be any effect. Z Lines will move away from you and the sarcomere which Yes, they will elongate it. Ok? The sarcomere will elongate. When If the muscle contracts then someone presses on A band I am not coming to change. M line will also remain the same. I The band will be shortened for you. H Zone Will disappear when contraction is complete and we will have shortening of the sarcomere The children will go. Ok? This topic is It ends here. Now let's go Over the control of cross bridges. from that First, let's listen to some terms that May come in MCQs. Motor Unit What happens? remember if I get a lot of I am drawing muscle fibers here, right muscle? Fibers. a motor neuron coming from above Is. This muscle fiber is also being supplied with Is. this muscle fiber too, this muscle fiber Too. and ultimately one of its branches is this muscle Fiber as well. then one motor neuron and the more It innervates the muscle fibers It is called motor unit. did I say? Motor unit. And what is a Triad? What is a Triad? a t a tibule plus two terminal cisternae. this combination what do we call it? Triad. Control of cross bridges. kids remember the cross bridge we speak when the heads of myosin and the binding set present on actin If attached, a cross bridge formation will occur She goes. Now this is a cross bridge formation How? We have to read this topic. To all The synapse is formed first. Myoneural junction. you had read it not The neuromuscular junction is also a synapse. Neuromuscular junction. First Synapse Will be formed. so between the synapses There will be syncope left. neurot in it The transmitter may be released. which here the neurotransmitter will be released that will happen Acetylcholine. did I say acetyl Colleen? Now this is called ascoline nerve impulse It will spread over the myeloma. then he Nerve impulses triggering dilated teat will go inside through the tibule and the T nerve Impulse then ultimately sarcoplasmic Will reach the reticulum. Sarcoplasmic Calcium is accumulated in the reticulum. It has accumulated. When these nerve impulses If it goes here then calcium will be released. inside the sarcoplasm inside the sarcoplasm inside and ultimately then binds the calcium will do with troponin c what did i say Calcium will bind with troponin C Did I say calcium will bind with troponin C and when this binding occurs So because of this binding of troponin tropomyosin will be displaced which attached to actin because of the presence of myosin Myosin binding sides that are exposed and as soon as she is exposed she will cross Bridge formation will be done, children. Ok? This is happening. Now let's look at its questions See. During muscle contraction ATP is Directly Required for Muscle ATP is directly released during contraction Required for release of Neurot Transmitter as Sunb when it is released This requires some ATP. reuptake of calcium into the Sarcoplasmic reticulum. good look at this the thing about okay is let's go into this you can say Maybe ATP is needed for butt muscle contraction ATP is directly involved during If yes then you should tell me about the replenishment of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum exactly Then remember this when you need to get it re-applied Calcium Pumps Pumps for this purpose We call it pumps because these are ATP Let's utilize the . d Attachment of myosin heads from Actin filaments. Detachment of Miles And heads from acton filaments. This also requires ATP binding. ATP binding will occur. Now we have read this Took it. How does cross bridge formation occur? That also has to be broken. to break ATP binding is required for myosin With the head. then when myosin binds to that with the head of myosin then ATP acts on actin and The myosin connection will break. then both be And C is the correct option. Ahead Let's go. We have another question. Oho. During the process of muscle contraction ATP plays a crucial role in both the power Stroke and detachment of myosin heads from the actin filaments if due to Metabolic Failure and Post-ATP Conditions is no lager available within the muscle fibres what is the most immediate physiological Consequence at the molecular level if What will happen if ATP is not available muscles do not contract more forcefully when If there is no ATP then how can we do it forcefully will contract myosin remains attached To Vectin. ofcourse it is sequential that myosin remains attached to actin and a A condition of paralysis may occur. don't do it Could. Calcium is released more rapidly From the sarcoplasmic reticulum. No. Muscles relax faster due to loss of Energy. The muscles did not relax at all. Because ATP is needed for muscle relaxation For. Is that okay kids? we have this one And we have covered the chapter. inshallah tomorrow We will deal with evolution. Now its I am getting you the MCQs. For him Attempt and watch its discussion video Listen if someone asks for MCQ. Remember the purpose of the discussion video I don't want to watch that for the whole half hour Is. You can watch the discussion video only when You will see when someone understands MCQs sentences I don't think so. If any MCQ is directly if you have come from this lecture then on this lecture you I have taken the time to listen. there that Discussion videos repeat the same point Don't take time to listen. Ok? in In case you haven't listened to this lecture. just for MCQs here then you have to Have to listen to the discussion video. Ok? So Keep studying. All the very best.