Lab 8: Impulse Momentum Theorem

Introduction

• Lab Focus: Experimental part of the impulse momentum theorem.
• Setup Components:
  • Spring to provide force.
  • Cart, motion sensor, flat track.
  • Ensure track is flat for accurate results.
  • Force Sensor: Measure force applied.
  • Spring Constant: Measure using a light spring (previously used).
  • Weight Pan Recommendation: Use 5.0 grams and up to 300 grams for measurement without deforming the spring.

Measurement Procedures

• Spring Measurement:
  • Measure the distance to where the spring is at rest and then stretched.
  • Use a weight to stretch the spring and measure the displacement.
  • Calculate spring constant using:
    • Formula: Weight (kg) * gravity (9.81) / displacement (ΔX).
• Mass Measurement:
  • Mass of spring with cart should be between 250 and 275 grams.*

Experiment Setup

• String & Force Sensor:
  • Attach string to cart using twist ties.
  • Use carbon fiber twist ties.
  • Ensure the force sensor is zeroed for accurate force-time integration.
• Motion Sensor:
  • Measures velocity of the cart over time as it moves toward/away from the sensor.
  • Red trace indicates velocity on graph.

Data Collection & Analysis

• Velocity Measurement:
  • Use multi-coordinate tool for precision.
  • Measure max positive and negative velocities.
• Force-Time Integration:
  • Integral of force over time gives momentum change.
  • Area under force-time graph must be accurately measured.
• Stretch Measurement:
  • Record maximum stretch of spring using video for accuracy.
  • Measure stretch before and after force application.

Experimental Run

• Steps:
  • Push cart and record with motion and force sensors.
  • Conduct 10 pushes with varying strengths.
  • Video tape to accurately capture maximum spring stretch.
• Data Collection:
  • Minimum of 8 measurements, aim for 10.
  • Ensure accuracy in data collection for force and velocity.

Tips for Success

• Zero the force sensor accurately.
• Use video tools for accurate measurement.
• Ensure all team members are actively measuring and recording data.

Conclusion

• This lab is designed to provide practical understanding of the impulse momentum theorem through hands-on experimentation.
• Measure, record, and analyze data to understand the relationship between force, momentum, and spring displacement.