Introduction to DSM-5

Presenter

• Ken Kinter
• Assistant Professor at Rutgers University
• Contact information available on the presentation front slide

Background

• Presentation funded by the New Jersey Department of Health
• Focus on state psychiatric hospital improvement
• Introduction/review of DSM-5 vs DSM-IV TR

Purpose of DSM-5

• DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
• Serves as a reference book for mental disorder diagnosis
• Basis for treatment, reimbursement, medication, and care justification
• Challenges: Requires training, difficult to read front-to-back

Diagnosis Importance

• Critical for correct treatment direction
• Diagnosis in psychiatry is observation-based, no definitive tests like x-rays

Key Terms and Concepts

Terms

• Mood vs Affect: Mood is general emotion climate, Affect is specific emotional weather
• Anhedonia: Absence of pleasure
• Gender vs Sex: Social construct vs biological
• Intellectual Disability: Replaces mental retardation
• Substance Use: Replaces substance abuse and dependence

DSM-5 Changes

• Uses Arabic numeral 5
• Accessible online, rapid updates possible
• Removed multi-axial assessment, global level of functioning

Diagnostic Categories

Developmental Disorders

• Intellectual Disabilities: New term for mental retardation
• Asperger's: Incorporated into autism
• ADHD: Different types, no ADD as separate term

Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders

• Schizophrenia vs Schizoaffective Disorder: Schizoaffective includes mood disorder elements
• Psychosis Symptoms: Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/behavior, catatonia

Bipolar Disorder

• Bipolar 1 vs 2: Differentiated by manic or hypomanic behavior
• Mood Swings: Hallmark feature

Depressive Disorders

• Major Depressive Disorder: Single or recurrent episodes
• Dysthymia: Chronic, less severe depression

Anxiety Disorders

• Phobias, Social Anxiety, Panic Disorder
• Panic Attacks: Triggered by fear of future attacks

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Cycle of obsession and compulsion
• Hoarding, Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Trauma Disorders

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Includes flashbacks, hyper-alertness
• Adjustment Disorder: Temporary reaction to stressors

Dissociative Disorders

• Dissociative Identity Disorder: Formerly multiple personality disorder
• Dissociative Amnesia, Fugue, Depersonalization/Derealization

Somatic Symptoms Disorders

• Conversion Disorder: Psychological stress causes physical symptoms
• Factitious Disorder: Symptoms are manufactured

Feeding and Eating Disorders

• Anorexia, Bulimia, Pica: Differences in perceptions and behaviors

Neurocognitive Disorders

• Delirium vs Dementia: Temporary vs gradual decline

Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders

• Oppositional Defiant, Conduct Disorder: Primarily in children
• Intermittent Explosive, Anti-social Personality Disorder

Substance Related Disorders

• Addiction Severity: Mild, moderate, severe
• New Process Addictions: Gambling (official), others like gaming pending

Personality Disorders

• Clusters: Eccentric, Dramatic, Fearful
• Borderline, Anti-social Personality Disorders: Common in inpatient settings

Final Notes

• Diagnosis Changes: Transition from DSM-IV to DSM-5 changes
• Person over Diagnosis: Emphasis on treating the individual rather than focusing solely on diagnosis

Resources

• Further resources and videos available for deeper insights into specific disorders