Overview
This lecture explains key principles of how people learn, focusing on the idea of deep vs. shallow processing and how it impacts study effectiveness.
Hyde & Jenkins Experiment: Learning Variables
- In the study, participants recalled words after different tasks: checking for the letter "e" (shallow) or rating pleasantness (deep).
- Two variables studied: intent to learn (intentional vs. incidental) and level of processing (shallow vs. deep).
- Results showed that intent to learn had no effect; level of processing was the critical factor.
Deep vs. Shallow Processing
- Shallow processing involves focusing on surface features, like spelling or rote memorization.
- Deep processing involves thinking about the meaning of information and relating it to prior knowledge.
- Deep processing leads to better memory and recall, regardless of intent to learn.
Orienting Tasks
- Orienting tasks are instructions that steer how deeply you process information.
- Shallow orienting tasks (e.g., checking spelling) lead to poor learning.
- Deep orienting tasks (e.g., considering meaning or personal connection) promote better learning.
Common Misconceptions About Learning
- Intention and desire to learn alone do not result in learning.
- Paying close attention is not enough to ensure learning occurs.
- Learning styles (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) lack scientific support and do not impact learning.
- Spending time is necessary but not sufficient for learning; it must be spent on deep processing.
Factors Affecting Academic Success
- Deep, meaningful processing of material is crucial for learning and academic success.
- Connecting new information to what you already know improves understanding and recall.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Deep Processing — Thinking about meaning, making connections, and personal relevance while studying.
- Shallow Processing — Focusing on superficial characteristics, like spelling or rote memorization.
- Orienting Task — An instruction that guides the depth at which material is processed.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Focus on using deep processing strategies in your study habits.
- Prepare for the next video, which will cover how to deeply process and connect new material.