Graham's law of diffusion also known as Graham's
law of effusion describes the relationship between the rate of diffusion of a gas and its molecular
weight this law was first formulated by Thomas Graham a Scottish chemist in the 19th century
and this quick video will provide you with a brief and easy to understand explanation of
the topic so if you're ready let's get into it diffusion is the process by which particles
move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration this movement
occurs until a state of equilibrium is reached where the concentration of particles is
the same throughout the space according to Graham's law the rate of diffusion of a
gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight in other words
the lighter the gas molecule the faster it will diffuse or e-fuse through a membrane the
solubility coefficient of a gas also plays a role in institution rate this is a measure
of how easily a gas dissolves in a liquid the more soluble a gas is the slower it will
diffuse this is because the gas molecules are more likely to dissolve in the liquid rather than
move through a membrane mathematically Graham's law can be expressed as follows where rate one
is the rate of diffusion for gas 1. rate 2 is the rate of diffusion 4 gas 2. M1 is the molar
mass of gas 1 and M2 is the molar mass of gas2 this equation shows that the rate of diffusion
is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight so if two gases have
the same solubility coefficient the lighter gas will diffuse faster than the heavier gas
however if two gases have the same molecular weight their diffusion rates will be the same
regardless of their solubility coefficients it's important to note that Graham's law is based
on ideal conditions which assume that the gas molecules are non-interacting and that there are
no temperature or pressure differences between the two sides of the membrane in reality there
are many factors that can affect the diffusion rate of a gas such as temperature or pressure and
the presence of other molecules but despite its limitations Graham's law remains a useful tool
for understanding the diffusion of gases it has applications in many areas of science such as in
the study of atmospheric chemistry the behavior of gases in the human body and the diffusion of gases
in industrial processes it's a simple yet powerful concept that helps us understand the behavior of
gases in a wide range of context if you want to support the Channel please like And subscribe
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this video is for informational purposes only thank you so much for watching have a blessed
day and as always breathe easy my friends