this video we're going to use this model to take a quick tour of the brain identifying its major parts and discuss its functions so let's get started instead of thinking about the brain as this One Singular Mass we can divide it into three major parts starting with the largest part which is what we call the serum this is typically what we think about when we visualize the brain it's got this outer wrinkled cortex we can divide the into two hemispheres or four loes and it's really the major processing center of the brain controls everything from language to voluntary movement emotions and takes information from the body to process sitting right underneath the cerebrum in the back of the head is what we refer to as the cerebellum which is Latin for a little brain because it actually looks like we have two little cerebrums and the cerebellum controls everything from balance to coordination to posture to fine motor skills and lastly the third major part sits underneath the brain is what we refer to as the brain bra stem and the brain stem serves two functions it connects the spinal cord to the body right so information is traveling to and from the brain via the brain stem um and it also controls automatic functions things like heartbeat breathing and blood pressure things that we're not necessarily consciously aware of so we have the cerebrum the cerebellum and the brain stem we can also view these major structures through a cross-section imagine cutting the brain in half so we have the cerebrum which sits on top of the brain right the largest structure we have our cerebellum which sits in the back of the brain and our eyeballs would be up here and of course the brain stem right which controls automatic functions like breathing and also takes information uh to the brain and away from the brain and what I like about this view as well is you can make up individual parts we have the thalamus this is kind of the relay Center um we have the hypothalamus which regulates our endocrine system and hormones and our sleep wake cycle and our pituitary gland which is considered the master PL and with the brain stem we can make out our ponds right this bulge right here and this other one which we call the medulla oblongata so here we have our three major parts now there's other three kind of sections people talk about as well you might have heard the expression the hind brain um the hind brain is anything below my tool the brain stem and cerebellum I like to think about the hind brain as our Reptilian Brain our forbrain which is everything in the upper region similar to the cerebrum and then we have is the midbrain which sits on top of the brain stem so we can think about the brain as the cerebrum brain stem and cerebellum we can all think about it as the hindbrain the midbrain and the forebrain there's kind of a nice overview of these structures now if we take the brain and turn it on this angle there's two things that really stand out to me one is that we can divide the brain into two hemispheres and I'll actually turn it this way because this would be our eyes up here and we typically think about the brain in terms of two halves we have we have a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere you might have heard the expression oh this person is left brained and this person is right brained and this kind of an old Antiquated view of the brain like like yes there are functions that are primarily located on one hemisphere so for example language is primarily regulated to our left hemisphere but typically we think about the brain and hemispheres working together we also have this long Groove that separates the left and right hemisphere this is called the longitudinal Fisher and Fisher is typically a word used for these kind of deep deep crevices within the brain now here's a bonus question can you identify the structure that connects both hemispheres together the band of fibers that makes uh communication between hemis between both hemispheres possible well that would be what we call the Corpus colossum which would be number eight this what's going to connect both hemispheres together and if you cut the structure that's what lead to what we call split brain patients all right so there we go we have two hemospheres the other thing that stands out to me is just how wrinkled the brain is and the reason the brain is wrinkled is because it adds more surface area we can't get a bigger skull so the brain kind of folds in on itself to add more surface area and what's interesting about these wrinkles is that they actually have names so you see these little crevices here these little valleys this is what we call sulai or sulkus sulai for plural and sulkus because we have one and then if the grooves are sulk ey what are the little bum bumps called well the bumps are called gyrus or gyri gyri for plural and gyrus for singular so once again we have these crevices right here which we call the sulk ey and then the bumps right next to it are the gyrus so sulkus and gyrus now these grooves and crevices matter what they actually do is they form boundaries or barriers between the brain so let's take a look these boundaries which will help us identify a few of the brain's loes on the cortex um one of the major ones right here this is a Groove is called the Central sulcus and my tool you know is kind of is showcasing that Central sulcus and why this sulcus is so important is that it divides the frontal lobe from the prial lobe and that's what this sulcus does and the sulcus travels um all across the brain here which divides the frontal from the prial lobe a frontal lobe controls everything from um cognitive processes like decision making and problem solving um and impulse control and our priol lobe primarily receives information from the body like I'm hot and cold if I touch something spiky or smooth that's going to take um that information as well and if we kind of think about the central sulcus as well there's a gyrus right in front okay here's a gyrus this is called the primary motor gyrus this is going to send information to my muscles right via the spinal cord okay and then right behind the central sulcus is the primary um somata sensory cortex which receives information from the body hot cold spiky smooth right information from my hands and my skin so once again we have our Central sulcus which divides the frontal and pridal we have our motor cortex which is on this gyrus and the primary um somata sensory cortex which inside this gyrus now we also have a really deep sulcus right this one right here okay do you know what this one's called this one's called the lateral sulcus okay and this actually looks like a thumb right kind of looks like a thumb so you could take the brain with you wherever You' like and the thumb would be my temporal l so this sulcus divides the temporal lobe from the frontal and prial lobe and my temporal lobe plays a role primarily in audio information so it takes information in from my ears and if I peel apart my temperal lobe um you would see the hippocampus which processes memories um and my amydala deep inside for emotions so my temperal Lo plays a big role and remember we have two hemispheres which means we have two temporal loopes right we have temporal Lo here and a temporal Lo here which also means we have two frontales this side and this side just remember because we have two hemispheres we have um two loes on each side now even though there isn't a big divider in the back of the brain sitting right above the cerebellum is our occipital loobe do we know what our occipital does this takes information from our eyes so this helps us see the world and process information um from from our eyes that would be the occipital lobe and that is our quick tour of the brain