okay so this video is going to be on the sphenoid bone and the ethmoid bone and their bone marking so this is your spinoid bone um somebody said it looks like a butterfly and now that's kind of stuck with me so spinoid bone where is it in our skull um this area if we're looking right here um is right there so we're literally pulling this out like that out here and now we can get our sphenoid bone so let's go through the bone markings both on the IND idual bone itself as well on the um the skull uh let me find the okay sphenoid sinuses that's another one where you can't tell that there's a sinus but if it asks you what sinus is present um you would say sphenoid sinuses because it's the sphenoid bone um the second thing you need to look at is the cateria so that confused a couple students this entire area right here um is the celot ttia within the celot ttia we have an indentation down here and maybe you can see it better from this side this flat indentation within the cateria this is the Hypes fossa so the smooth area so a sticker could be around this area saying name this bone marking and pointing to basically this whole General region and you would say teleteria if it's pointing specifically to the bottom and says name this bone marking you would a hypophysial fosa um we also have in our sphenoid bone lots of forment so we're going to have to name a couple of different holes um let's start with the optic Canal so the optic Canal is right here um underneath you can see right there optic Canal um the holes right there and again this sweno bone could be oriented in multiple directions with the stick coming through so make sure you're aware no matter how it's oriented that you understand that's the optic Canal so showing you from this side and that side and underneath like this these um markings what was another point of confusion is if you see these these are not actual foramens or holes that do anything they're only there so that we can connect the different pieces together in this SK so you're looking for true holes that's not cartilage that's not anything it's literally just plastic so that we can fit and Link these B pieces together okay so we did the optic canal and again going back here that's the easiest way to identify it is right there the next one um let's review is the fman rotundum so this is your fan rotundum right here so if we're looking here foran rundum on that side we also have a fan rundum right here so optic Canal there optic Canal there this area right here here this long little um area this is your Supra orbital fisser and it's a fissure so it's a huge little area and we also have a super orbital fisser on this side of her here so optic Canal super orbital fissure um and then we have the fan rotundum right there um as we continue down we have the fan oval so this is actually looks like an oval so we have another oval one over here and then the tiny tiny tiny little one um to the right on this side of the fan oval is our fan spinosum and we also have a fan spinosum over here we can't see the frame and lacerum it would be right in this area but we're missing the bone to make that actual framen right there however we can see it in the skull put together the other thing on the individual um sphenoid bun that you should be able to identify is the teroid processes and these are these extensions down here so this whole extension right here we call the teroid process and it also is another one on that side so now let's look at it in the skull and again this is how we are taking it this is our SPO bone and now we're looking in this same general area right here so if we look through here we can see right here is our optic Canal here's our optic Canal right here then underneath it we can see the long um Fishers right through there so that is your um super orbital fisser on that side and I'm hoping I can get a good view of the super orbital Fisher on this side so optic canal and then uh the super orbital fissure directly below it right there Then continuing down we have for raymen uh rundum so optic uh super orbital Fisher foran rundum and then we have foran oal right there and then the tiny tiny one to the right of that is foran uh spinosum and then we learned previously when we were talking about the temporal bone the corate canal so now let's just Orient ourselves there that would be this hole right here that I'm sticking the stick through so right here is the framing um is the cro Canal the tiny hole right right there is framan spinosum framing oval framing rotundum super orbital Fisher underneath there it's a long little fisser and then our optic Canal right there and we have the same bone markings on the other side so it shouldn't matter which side you're looking at um we could have them in here as well so just as a review for this side this size are optic Canal super orbital Fisher underneath frame and rotundum framing oval framing tiny spinosum so just the spinosum one it's a small one and then if we look interiorly here that is our cortic Canal of our temporal bone so with all of these you really kind of need to make sure that you put um your stick through and look at it from both directions so we wanted to look at the front of the skull now and it comes out like this um you should be aware of that's your optic Canal uh this if we're talking about rundum here's our oval rundum I'm sorry fman rundum I don't even know if this will go all the way through this one can't go all the way through so we would like you likely ask you from this direction uh frame and oval can though so we could ask you this way name this hole or we can flip it over and the skull could be in this direction and saying name this hole so you need to recognize that that's for a Min oal and then we can see directly below it is our tiny tiny uh frame and spinosum right there and then we can see um let me just make sure our Kate canal right there so that's our Kate Canal up from this side karate Canal spinosum oval um from this direction okay so that's it for the spinoid bone now let's move on to the ethmoid bone this is your ethmoid bone how does it sit in the skull well it's just like this in the skull right like that so this let's identify a couple the structures that you need to know on your ethoid bone um so you need to know the copor plate but I want to start first with the crystal golly so if we're looking at this bone this large like shark like fin like thing that's coming through the center at the top of the bone this is called the crystal golly on the sides of the crystal golly we have the coffor plates so on either side these are all the little plates um on either side of the crystal golly and Within These plates we have ethmoid air cells which are also known as ethmoid sinuses so again if we ask you what sinuses are located on the ethmoid bone you would basically say ethmoid sinuses because that's what the bone you're looking at is the perpendicular plate you can see right here this is the plate that's running through the center right here directly below the crystal golly Crystal golly we keep looking is going all the way down through here so again this this is the front if we look at the other side this is our perpendicular plate running right down through here um other things that you need to know are the superior nasal conai so if we stay here the superior nasal conai should really be somewhere up here but it's really hard to tell that so typically we don't ask that however you should be aware that these are these Ridges at the bottom are both on either side these are your middle nasal conai so again let's just Orient ourselves this goes in the skull like this right between here and so if we were to look inside the skull we can see this like fin like structure poking out of the top this is our Crystal golly right here so this is part of the ethmoid bone the rest of the ethmoid bone or at least some of the other things that we can see from the ethmoid bone we have to go into the nasal cavity right here so the top portion of this um dividing area of our nasal cavity the top portion from here up this is your perpendicular plate um we'll talk about another video how the bottom part of this uh bone is actually called the vmer so only from here up is the perpendicular plate and then we see these ridges or protruding out so this would be your middle nasal conai and this would be your inferior nasal conai so the middle inferior we can't really see Superior so again don't worry about that focus on the middle nasal conai inferior nasal conai perpendicular plate if we're talking about from here up if a sticker down here on this bone you have to call it the bomber so here's again this is our middle nasal conai this Ridge right here and this is our inferior nasal conai down there and that's it for the ethmoid bone and the sphenoid bone