Unit 4 Review: AP US History (1800-1848)

Overview

• Time Period: 1800 to 1848
• Main Themes:
  • Expanding role of the US in world affairs
  • Transformation of society and economy
  • Growing democratic impulses

Political Developments

Jefferson's Presidency

• Election of 1800: Thomas Jefferson elected
• Debates:
  • American relations with foreign powers
  • Scope of federal power
• Barbary Pirates: Jefferson opposed paying bribes; naval conflict ensued

Federal Power vs. States' Rights

• Democratic Republicans: Strict constructionists
• Federalists: Loose constructionists
• Louisiana Purchase:
  • Jefferson's moral dilemma
  • Expansion of territory

Supreme Court Decisions

• Marbury v. Madison (1803): Established judicial review
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Federal law trumps state law

War of 1812

• Causes:
  • Seizure of American ships
  • British impressment of American sailors
• Consequences:
  • Rise in American nationalism
  • Demise of the Federalist Party
  • Exposed weaknesses like lack of a national bank

Economic Developments

Market Revolution

• Technological Advances:
  • Cotton gin and spinning machine
  • Interchangeable parts
• Transportation:
  • Steamboats, canals, and railroads
• Henry Clay's American System: Internal improvements, protective tariffs, national bank

Expansion and Regional Tensions

• Missouri Compromise of 1820:
  • Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state
  • 36°30' line for future slavery decisions

Social Changes

Society and Immigration

• Immigrant Influx: Mainly from Germany and Ireland
• Urbanization: Growth of industrial cities
• Cult of Domesticity: Gender roles and separate spheres

Expansion of Democracy

• Voting Rights: Property qualifications removed
• Political Realignment:
  • National Republicans (loose constructionists)
  • Democrats (strict constructionists)

Andrew Jackson's Presidency

• Tariff of 1828 and Nullification Crisis
• Veto of the Second Bank of the United States
• Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the Trail of Tears

Cultural and Religious Developments

American Identity

• Transcendentalism: Emerson and Thoreau
• Hudson River School of Artists

Second Great Awakening

• Religious Revival: Camp meetings, egalitarian participation
• Temperance Movement: Against alcohol consumption

Abolitionism and Women's Rights

• Abolitionism:
  • William Lloyd Garrison's "The Liberator"
  • American Anti-Slavery Society
• Women's Rights: Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments

The South and Slavery

• Plantation Economy: Expansion and aristocracy
• Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831): Resulted in harsher slave laws
• Yeoman Farmers: Supported slavery despite owning none

Territorial Expansion

Treaties and Doctrine

• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): Acquired Florida from Spain
• Monroe Doctrine (1823): Western Hemisphere as US sphere of influence

This summary provides an overview of the key events, themes, and developments during the period from 1800 to 1848, as covered in Unit 4 of AP US History. This includes the expansion of federal power, socio-economic transformations, and significant cultural/religious movements. It also highlights the main political issues of the time, including debates over federal authority, territorial expansion, and the growing tensions over slavery.