Lecture Notes on Leonardo da Vinci and His Mastery in Art and Science

Introduction

• Leonardo da Vinci: Renowned as an artist, scientist, and engineer.
• Famous works include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
• Known for integrating science into art, particularly anatomy.

Early Life

• Born April 15, 1452, near Vinci, Italy.
• Illegitimate child; benefited from not following in his father's footsteps as a notary.
• Lived in Florence from age 12, learned practical mathematics at an abacus school.
• Apprenticed with artist Andrea del Verrocchio at age 14.

Artistic Development

• Studied lifelike details in Verrocchio's works (e.g., veins and muscles in sculpture).
• Early works: Tobias and the Angel, The Baptism of Christ.
• Developed sfumato technique for blending tones.

Professional Career

• Opened own workshop in 1477; struggled with commissions.
• Worked in Milan for 17 years under Ludovico Sforza.
  • Advised on architectural projects.
  • Created Vitruvian Man, highlighting proportion and symmetry.

Scientific Contributions

• Dissected around 30 corpses to study anatomy.
• Detailed understanding of human body, including heart and circulatory system.
• Investigated swirling motions in water and air.
• Designed machines for flight: Ornithopter, aerial screw (early helicopter design).

Cartography and Military Engineering

• Chief military architect for Cesare Borgia.
• Created accurate maps, pioneering modern cartography.

Significant Artworks

• The Last Supper: Used linear perspective to focus on Jesus, emotional depth in apostles.
• Mona Lisa: Mastery of light, shadow, and sfumato. Captures emotion and lifelike quality.
  • Enigmatic smile changes with focus.

Later Life and Legacy

• Supported by French crown later in life.
• Passed away May 2, 1519, possibly due to stroke.
• Known for balance between art and science; largely self-taught with intense curiosity.

Closing and Modern Application

• Encouragement for curiosity and learning in science and math.
• Promotion for Brilliant.org for interactive learning.