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Overview of Human Anatomical Organization

Feb 6, 2025

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Human Anatomy Lecture 1: Anatomical Organization

Introduction

  • Focus on anatomical organization, defining anatomical terms.
  • Importance of anatomical position as a reference point for body parts.

Anatomical Position

  • Definition: Person standing upright, facing forward, palms facing outward.
  • Importance: Foundation for referencing body parts in relation to each other.
  • Orientation: Your right is the person's left and vice versa when facing them.

Positional Terms

  • Supine: Lying on the back.
  • Prone: Lying on the stomach.

Sectioning Planes

  • Transverse (Horizontal/Axial) Plane: Divides body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.
    • Can be seen as a glass sheet cutting through the body horizontally.
  • Sagittal Plane: Divides body into right and left parts.
    • Mid-Sagittal: Directly down the middle.
  • Coronal (Frontal) Plane: Divides body into front (anterior) and back (posterior).

Directional Terms

  • Posterior (Dorsal): Back side of the body.
  • Anterior (Ventral): Front side of the body.
  • Medial: Towards the midline of the body.
  • Lateral: Away from the midline of the body.
  • Superior (Cranial/Cephalic): Above or towards the head.
  • Inferior (Caudal): Below or towards the feet.
  • Proximal: Towards the center or point of attachment.
  • Distal: Away from the center or point of attachment.
  • Superficial: Towards the surface or skin.
  • Deep: Away from the surface or more internal.

Prefixes

  • Hypo: Below.
  • Hyper/Epi: Above.

Cavities in the Body

  • Cranial Cavity: Contains the brain.
  • Thoracic Cavity: Contains lungs and heart.
  • Abdominal Cavity: Contains digestive organs.
  • Pelvic Cavity: Contains reproductive organs.
  • Vertebral Cavity: Contains the spinal cord.

Linings

  • Parietal: Lining of a cavity.
  • Visceral: Lining of an organ.

Abdominal Regions

Quadrants

  • Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
  • Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
  • Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
  • Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Nine Regions

  • Umbilical Region: Center region around the belly button.
  • Lumbar Regions: Right and left of the umbilical region.
  • Epigastric Region: Above the umbilical region.
  • Hypogastric Region: Below the umbilical region.
  • Iliac Regions: Near iliac crests, lateral to the hypogastric region.
  • Hypochondrial Regions: Below the ribs, lateral to the epigastric region.

These notes provide a foundational understanding of anatomical organization, focusing on positioning, directional terms, and body cavities, which are essential for further study in human anatomy.

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