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12. Long Term Care

Apr 18, 2025

Long-term Care and Insurance in Canada

Demographic Trends

  • Increasing Proportion of Seniors: Over the past 50 years, the proportion of seniors has been increasing due to below-replacement fertility and longer life expectancy.
  • Baby Boomers: As more baby boomers reach age 65, the demand for long-term care will increase, raising concerns about funding.

Long-term Care Facilities

  • Definition: Facilities designed for individuals who cannot independently manage their daily physical needs.
  • Not Just for Seniors: Includes younger individuals affected by diseases (e.g., muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis) or injuries.
  • Common Diseases: Dementia and Alzheimer’s are common conditions requiring long-term care.

Financial Implications

  • Cost: Monthly costs for long-term care facilities can be significant and vary by province in Canada.

Long-term Care Insurance

  • Purpose: Offsets the ongoing costs of long-term care.
  • Types of Coverage:
    1. Home Care: Assistance provided at home.
    2. Respite Care: Temporary placement in a facility for caregiver relief.
    3. Assisted Living: Services for those who are mostly independent but need some support.
    4. Nursing Home Care: Full-time supervision and care.

Providers of Long-term Care

  • Sources:
    • Provincial governments.
    • Not-for-profit organizations.
    • Religious organizations.
    • For-profit businesses.

Costs and Coverage

  • Cost: Varies between $900 to $6,000 per month, depending on the province and level of subsidy.
  • Insurance Policies:
    • Standalone or Rider: Available as standalone policies or as riders to life/critical illness insurance.
    • Age: Typically issued to individuals 65 and under.
    • Benefit Models: Indemnity (direct payment to facility) and expense reimbursement models.

Coverage Details

  • Non-Provinicial Expenses: Covers expenses not included in provincial healthcare plans.
  • Waiting Period: Typically 0 to 90 days.
  • Underwriting: Medical underwriting is required.
  • Benefit Calculation: Based on daily maximum benefit x days of care.

Claims Process

  • Eligibility: Must be unable to perform two or more Activities of Daily Living (ADL).
    • ADLs Include: Dressing, bathing, toileting, transferring, eating, maintaining continence.
  • Cognitive Impairment: Automatically qualifies under an umbrella test.

Policy Riders and Limitations

  • Riders: Cost of living and return of premium riders available.
  • Importance of Definitions: Contract wording and definitions are crucial in determining qualifications for benefits.
  • Claims Denial: Up to 40% of claims may be declined due to non-compliance with policy definitions.

Conclusion

  • Understanding Policies: Critical for sellers to understand and explain the terms and conditions of long-term care policies to clients.