in this module you will learn about one of these groups the Himalayan mountains the Himalayas are fold mountains that cover the northern border of India they are geologically young as compared to other mountain ranges the Himalayan range is the highest and the most rugged mountain range in the world it extends from the river Indus in the West to the premier patre in the east forming an arc off about 2,400 kilometers the width of the strange babies for instance in Kashmir the range is 400 kilometres white while in Arunachal Pradesh the width decreases to 150 kilometres if you compare the eastern and the western halves of the range then you will find considerably more difference in the attitudes of various mountains in the western half the Himalayas are formed from three parallel ranges of mountains the Hammadi the hamachi and the shoe Alex several valleys lie between these mountain ranges the Hammad re also called the great or inner Himalayas is the northernmost range of the Himalayas this range is in a single unbroken line and has the highest peaks considering that the average height of peaks in the Hammadi is 6,000 meters it is not surprising to note that the important peaks of the Himalayas are located in this range for example Mount Everest the highest peak in the world and Mount Godwin Austin the second highest peak in the world are all part of this range Mount Everest is located in NEPA why Mount Godwin Austin is in Ladakh in India as mentioned earlier the Himalayas are fold mountains however the great Himalayan falls are not completely symmetrical this is why the peaks dip slightly away from the center the core of the Himalayan range is composed of granite the lofty heights of the mountains of the great Himalayan range mean that the peaks are snow clad all the year round as a result no vegetation grows on these mountains however several glaciers such as the Ganga tree and the sidechain originate from this range these glaciers feed rivers that form the source of water for a large part of the population the zoo G La Paz is also situated in the great Himalayan range this pass is the only link between Ladakh and Kashmir the next range which is known as the hamachi is located south of the greater Himalayas the height of mountains in this range is between three thousand seven hundred and four thousand five hundred meters as against the average height of six thousand meters in the great Himalayas hence this range is also referred to as the lesser Himalayas the average width of the hamachi range is 50 kilometers this range has the roughest terrain among all the mountain ranges in the world the terrain of the mountain range is composed of highly compressed rocks that have undergone considerable change in composition or appearance in other words the high margin is made up of altered rocks let us look at some of the prominent ranges in the hamachi the PIAT Punja is the longest range in the lesser Himalayas the other notable ranges are the dowel Adar and the Mahabharat these Rangers are famous for their beauty and are a major tourist attraction for people the world over the hamachi range is also well known for its health stations such as Dalhousie Shimla Rani Kate and nanny doll of these Dalhousie and Shimla are located in Himachal Pradesh while Ronnie Kate and Nainital are part of it that the most pitchers sick of valleys the dish Mead Kulu and kangaroo valleys in Himachal Pradesh a part of this area the range south of the hamachi that is the outermost range of the himalayas is the Shivalik range the shoe Alex are 10 to 50 kilometres white the heights of these mountains range from 900 to 1100 meters does as you can see the Shiv Alex formed the lowest range of the Himalayas this is because this range is built from loose sediments returned by the rivers flowing from the main Himalayan ranges located up north the settlement consists of broken stones and sowwy therefore the valleys of the Shivalik region are covered with thick gravel and alluvium you may have heard of Dehradun the famous hill station of masuri is located in the Dehradun valley in the state of utter the longitudinal valleys that lie between the hamachi and the xi bollocks are known as dunes that's how the most famous valleys including Dehradun coadley dune and partly done got their names coadley dune is located in the Jammu region and is known for its scenic beauty and you must have all heard about the Jim Corbett National Park this park is located in the partly dune region we just looked at the longitudinal divisions of the Himalayas the Himalayas are also divided into regions from west to east you can be cut these regions if you look at the demarcation between river valleys let's look at some examples of these divisions first let's consider the area between the Indus and the satellite this area has been traditionally known as the Punjab Himalaya nanga parbat is the highest peak in Punjab Himalaya however on the basis of regional divisions of the Himalayas locally it is also called Kashmir in the West and Himachal Himalaya in the East to take another example the cumin Himalayas is the name used regionally for the portion of the Himalayas between the satellite and the callee rivers nanda devi is the highest peak in this region the hill stations Nana Thal and Ronnie Cate allocated in the command region similarly the area that lies between the Cali and this the rivers is known as the Nepal Himalayas the Assam Himalayas refer to the region between the pista and the be hungry verse as we move east we come to the division of the himalayas called the pure mansion all the eastern hills and mountains the Brahmaputra forms the easternmost boundary of the pure wine chilled region the Brahmaputra breaks through the Himalayas to form some deep valleys or gorgeous one such valley is Arunachal Pradesh in the daehan god beyond the beyond gold the provincial hills dip sharply southwards and stretch out along the eastern borders of India does the provincial hills extend through the north eastern states of India the Buddha mancell Hills are covered by thick forests and mostly consists of paddled ranges and valleys strong sandstone a type of sedimentary rock is the main component of these mountains let's take a closer look at the put of an chilled range the poor among children is made up of the but guy Hills the Naga Hills the money poor Hills and the Mesa Hills that was a brief overview of the great emolia's here's a quick recap of what you've covered so far in this module you learned that the Himalayas are geologically young fold mountains the Himalayan mountains consist of 3 paralleled ranges the Great or inner Himalayas or the humidity the lesser Himalayas or the hamachi the shoe Alex the highest peaks such as Mount Everest and Mount Godwin Austin are part of the great Himalayas going from west to east the Himalayas can be divided into a number of regions demarcated by rivers the Punjab Himalayas are located between the Indus and the satellites reverse the Kamal Himalayas are located between the satellite and the callee universe the Nepal Himalayas are located between the Kali and T star rivers the Assam Himalayas are located between the dista and the be hungry verse the Buddha mancell area is bounded by the Brahmaputra this region is made up of the putco hills the Naga Hills the money pool hills and the mizu hills