Time check. It's English o' [Music] English teacher. [Music] I made learning English easy for you. Please like, comment, and subscribe. What's up, grade eight? Can you imagine we are halfway to the end of quarter [Music] Our target learning competency for this video is analyze literary text as expressions of individual or communal values within focusing on the structural context of Afroasian poems. And here are the contents of our today's discussion. figures of speech, rhyme and meter, tone and mood. After exploring the rich narratives and cultural themes found in Afroasian short stories, we now move into another form of literary expression that also reflects the soul of a people, their poetry. While short stories use characters, settings, and plots to unfold meaningful events, poetry captures emotions, ideas, and cultural identities in a more condensed and often lyrical form. Both of Jen Ross, however, allows us to see the values, struggles, and beauty in the lives of Afroasian communities. As we dive into Afroasian poetry, let us discover how rhythm, imagery, and powerful language can offer us a deeper connection to their history, traditions, and dreams. Mention previous video. Afroasian literature refers to the spoken or written literary works such as short stories and poems by people from Africa and Asia. Literature is further classified into two main forms or types pros and poetry. So previous discussion I'm focus Afroasian short stories which is an example of pros. This time our discussion will shift to Afroasian poetry. Now that we know what poetry is, let's learn about what it's made of. Poems have parts like sound, rhythm, and images that make them special. These are called the basic elements of poetry, and they help us understand and enjoy poems better. Let's begin by defining line. Line is the basic unit of poetry which is often characterized by its length, rhythm and arrangement on the page. A line of poetry can further be broken into feet which are individual units within a line of poetry. A foot of poetry has a specific number of syllables and a specific pattern of emphasis. Next is stanza. This is a group of lines in poetry. Stanza are units that give structure to a poem. There are no rules about how many stanzas are in a poem. A poem can consist of a single stanza or make up an entire book full of stanzas. It all depends on how many stanzas are needed to convey the poem's idea, message or feeling. In this given example poem, these are the lines and these are the stanzas. As you can see, this poem is composed of four lines per stanza and consists of three stanzas in total. [Music] Stanzas like poems come in all shapes and sizes. There are many different types and they are often classified by meters, rhyme schemes or how many groups of lines they have. Poems often have a beat just like songs. This beat is called the meter. It's the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in each line. There are different types of meter in poetry and each one gives the poem its own rhythm or flow. Types of meter. Monometer 1 ft per line. Diameter 2 ft per line. Tryer 3 ft per line. Tetrometer 4T per line. Pentameter 5 ft per line. Hexameter 6 ft per line. Hepter 7 ft per line. And octameter 8 ft per line. So again meter is structured pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line. It provides the basic rhythmic structure of a verse. In poetry meter is measured in feet. Here are the types of feet in poetic meter. Aamic pentameter or simply am. An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. For example, delight. Next is tracheaic meter. In tracheaic meter, a stressed syllable is followed by an unstressed syllable as in tiger. Here's a short stanza with chokeic meter where each fruit consists of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable. Another is anopestic. In anopestic meter, two unstressed syllables are followed by a stressed syllable as in intervene. Here's a short stanza with anestic meter where each foot consists of two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable. And lastly, dctillic. Inductilic mirror. A stressed syllable is followed by two unstressed syllables as in happily. Here's a short stanza with duct tilic meter where each foot consists of a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables. We also discussed before about rhyme and rhyme schemes. So again, rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds typically at the end of lines in poems or songs. For example, cat and hat rhyme because they share the same ending sound. Other examples are sky and high, light and night, fun and sun, tree and bee. Rhyme scheme on the other hand is the pattern of rhymes at the end of each line in a poem. It is usually described using letters to represent each rhyme. Here are some common rhyme schemes. Number one, a bb or the couplet rhyme scheme. The cat sat on the mat looking at the rat. The rat ran out the door scared of the cat's roar. in which the rhyming words in this poem are matt rat and door roar. Two ab pattern or the alternate rhyme scheme in which the rhyming words in this sample poem are sky goodbye and glow show. We also have the abba pattern or the enclosed rhyme scheme in which the rhyming words are bright night and free tree. Four ABC pattern or the ballad stanza or simple quatrain. Here the only rhyming words are wide and tide. And lastly, the AABBA pattern or the limmer rhyme scheme. In here, there are three rhyming words, peru, shoe, and true. And the other rhyming words are fright and night, tone, and mood as literary devices in poetry. Some people find it confusing to differentiate the two. We have to keep in mind that the difference between tone and mood in poetry lies in the perspective and the emotional impact each element has. Tone refers to the poets or speaker's attitude toward the subject of the poem, the audience or a character within the poem. It reflects how the poet feels about what they are writing about. Tone is conveyed through the poet's choice of words, phrasing, syntax, and stylistic elements. It is shaped by the poet's viewpoint and how they express it in the poem. Examples: Sarcastic tone. Oh, what a lovely day for rain, she muttered as the storm clouds gathered. Reverent tone. In awe we stand beneath the ancient trees, their wisdom etch in every leaf. Angry tone. How dare the world turn a blind eye to such injustice and pain. While mood refers to the emotional atmosphere or feeling that the poem creates in the reader. It is the overall emotional response that the poem evokes as the reader engages with it. Mood is shaped by the poet's use of imagery, setting, rhythm, and word choice. But it is ultimately about how these elements affect the reader's emotions. Examples: mournful mood. The autumn leaves fell like tears. Silent whispers of a season gone. Joyful mood. Laughter filled the air. The sun danced on the water. And all was light and free. Suspenseful mood. The old house creaked under the weight of silence. Each step an echo of fear. To further understand, in terms of perspective, tone is from the poets or speaker's perspective indicating their attitude or feelings. Mood is from the reader's perspective indicating the emotional atmosphere that the poem creates for them. In terms of function, tone expresses how the poet feels about the subject or content of the poem. Mood evokes a specific emotional response in the reader as they read the poem. To illustrate, consider a poem describing a storm. Tone. If the poet writes with an admiring tone, they might use words that express wonder at the power of the storm. The mighty storm, a fierce force of nature, roared across the land. Mood. The same poem might create a fearful mood in the reader through vivid imagery of the storm's impact. Dark clouds turned and twisted. The wind howling like a beast unleashed as the world trembled under its wrath. Now that we've learned the basic elements that give poems their sound and structure, let's explore the creative language poets use to make their words more powerful and imaginative. Trope is defined as a catch all term for figures of speech that says one thing while artfully and imaginatively implying another. Following are some of the figures of speech with corresponding examples. Also under literary devices are figurative language such as simile, metaphor, personification and hyperbole. As I mentioned in our previous videos, figurative language adds depth, nuance and emotion to poetry by going beyond literal meanings. Figurative language. First is simile. Similey is a comparison between two unlike things using like or as. Example, her smile was as bright as the sun. The sentence is a simile because it compares two different things using the word as. In this case, the comparison is between her smile and the sun, suggesting that her smile is exceptionally bright and radiant, just like the sun. Here are other examples. He was as brave as a lion. This simile compares a person's bravery to that of a lion, emphasizing courage by using s. Her eyes sparkled like stars. This simile compares the sparkle in someone's eyes to the twinkling of stars using like to highlight their brightness. Here is a sample poem where we use some simileies. [Music] Now let's talk about metaphor. Metaphor is a direct comparison between two unlike things suggesting a similarity or shared characteristic without using like or as. Here are a few examples. The classroom was a zoo. This metaphor suggests that the classroom was chaotic and noisy, likening it to a zoo without using like or as. Her voice is music to my ears. This metaphor compares the pleasantness of her voice to the beauty of music, implying it brings joy or comfort. The snow was a blanket over the town. This metaphor describes the snow covering the town as if it were a blanket, emphasizing its softness and completeness. Here is a sample poem where we use some metaphors. Next is personification. Personification is a literary device where human qualities, traits or actions are attributed to nonhuman objects, animals or abstract ideas. Simply put, let's take a look at these examples. The flowers danced in the breeze. The flowers are given the human action of dancing, suggesting they moved gracefully in the wind. The alarm clock yelled at me to wake up. The alarm clock is personified as if it could yell, emphasizing the loud and urgent sound it makes. The sun peaked through the clouds. The sun is described as if it can peak, giving it a human-like quality to suggest it gradually appeared from behind the clouds. Here is a sample poem where we use some personification. Another literary device is hyperbole. Hyperbole is a figure of speech that involves deliberate exaggeration for emphasis or effect. It's not meant to be taken literally, but is used to create a strong impression or convey intense emotions. For example, I'm so hungry I could eat a horse. This hyperbole exaggerates the speaker's hunger, suggesting they are extremely hungry, though not literally capable of eating a horse. I've told you a million times. This exaggeration emphasizes that something has been repeated many times, though not actually a million. Here is a sample poem where we use some hyperbole. Aside from figurative languages, sound devices are also included in the list of literary devices such as alliteration. Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sounds in a series of words. Let's have this tongue twister as an example. Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled peppers. This tongue twister uses the repetition of the P sound at the beginning of several words in close succession. The alliteration creates a rhythmic and catchy phrase. Here are two other examples. She sells seashells by the seashore. The wild wind whistled through the willows. Next is anomattopia. Anomattopia is a literary device where a word imitates or suggests the natural sound associated with it. These words sound like the noises they represent, helping to create vivid imagery or evoke sensory experiences in the reader. For example, buzz mimics the sound of a bee makes. Let's use it in a sentence. The bee flew by, creating a soft buzz as it moved from flower to flower. Another is splash, which represents the sound of something hitting water. Example sentence, the children laughed as they made a big splash while jumping into the pool. Crackle imitates the sound of something crackling, like fire or dry leaves. So, did you learn something today? bleed. If you want more of this video tutorial and learn English in a light speed, subscribe notification buttons. Class dismissed. See you.