tupac amaru ii just towards the end of the 1400s european explorers reached the americas and began to colonize this new world the spanish controlled most of the territory from Mexico South to Argentina at first the Spanish soldier adventurers who arrived wanted only gold silver and jewels and to leave again as soon as possible however more and more Spaniards came not looking for easy gold but wanting to set up large farms in many parts of the Americas the Indians were simple hunter-gatherers nomadic and few in number in Peru in the Andean Pacific region most of the Indians were peasant farmers their old Inca culture had an aristocracy and they the peasants obeyed and served their Lords when the Spanish took the best lands they killed all ran off the Inca Lord bought a title from the king in Spain for example the count of Cochabamba and then acted as aristocrats did in Spain with native Indians as their peasants nonetheless there were only a few whites and many Indians and so in a lot of areas the local Incan Lord was left alone and recognized by the Spanish king this made two separate aristocracies the one native Indian the other white Spanish very soon there were mixed marriages and so a class of mestizos people of white and Indian parentage grew up some of them came from aristocratic families on both sides tupac amaru was from exactly this kind of background the Spanish colonists had created new laws and systems to get free labor from the Indians the governor demanded a pole tax from all indian men payable only in cash or work almost all the Indians lived outside the money economy of Spanish America so they had little or no money and the men often spent up to six months of the year doing forced labor on what the Spanish colonists called public works but usually meant working on private property only a very few built bridges and roads the tiny amount of money they received often didn't pay off the tax and many adult male Indians spent their lives in debt and at hard labor while their own little farm suffered without them whites were not taxed in this way by the time tupac amaru was born in 1742 all these racial and social tensions were coming to a head born jose gabrielle condor concrete the future tupac amaru studied at the best schools in colleges but always identified with the native indian population despite being mestizo and of high family perhaps his strong Indian identity was because he believed he was the direct descendent of the last Inca Emperor tupac amaru the first he took the name calling himself tupac amaru the second in true dynastic style it also clearly meant that he wanted to take all peru from the Spanish and rule it himself as an Inca a native ruler but this would come later early in his life tupac amaru was known as the Marquess of ala paisa a position that gave him a lot of standing and respect among the spanish however an important spanish family the bet on cause said that the title should be theirs and they took the matter to law it was a very long case but in the end courts favored the white claimant as they almost always did tupac amaru spam li title awarded for merit and service was given to a spanish family now to Paco Maru was no longer tied to the Spanish ruling class they had first rewarded him for his good work then insulted him just because he wasn't white he became much more interested in his Indian roots his personal link to the last Inca Emperor and the terrible suffering of most Indians under Spanish rule in 1760 he married an afro Indian woman and started a family he had stepped further away from his white side at first tupac amaru or the Marquess as he still was wrote letters of complaint to the governor about the treatment of the indians and took other peaceful political protests to the authorities he even used his own money to help poor Indians pay their tax the governor and the Spanish ruling class ignored him it was at this point that the former Marquess decided on a rebellion as the only way to solve the problem around this time in Spanish America there had been a series of revolts by Indians or by African slaves tupac amaru rebellion was notable for its success at least at first and the way it spread to pak'ma'ra ii as he was now called played his hand cleverly at the beginning he went to a dinner party at which the Spanish governor of Peru and Tonio de Arriaga and one of his top officials were present when the two Spaniards left they were very relaxed by their excellent dinner and so tupac amaru had his men capture the two officers he then forced them to call by letter hundreds of important Spaniards in Peru to a meeting at a certain time in place 200 important white colonists arrived in the next few days to pack surrounded them with 4,000 Indian rebel troops who killed them all then they turned to the governor Doral yoga who was to be hanged along with the other official from the dinner party de Arriaga seems to have been a cruel man who did not inspire loyalty in people when his personal slave Antonio oublie toss was offered the chance to kill the governor he accepted at once habla tossed the slave did not do a very good job at the first try the rope slipped from the governor's neck and the condemned man ran off at speed chased by the crowd in one must have been a very undignified few minutes for all the crowd caught him and dragged him back to the waiting rope the second time there was no mistake and the hated governor was hanged by the neck until dead with this action and the killing of the 200 white colonists tupac amaru closed the door to any negotiations with the spanish tupac amaru went on the march capturing district after district and city after city soon a mixed army of 1300 men about half Indians and half Spaniards was sent from the city of Cuzco to put down the rebellion faced with 6,000 Indian rebels the force was defeated few of the native soldiers from cusco died but every last white 578 men was killed in battle or executed afterwards it was at this point that the extremely racial nature of tupac amaru x' rebellion became clear and when it did a lot of early support for the RHIB disappeared all whites most mestizos and many of the Indians felt that if genocide of the whites in Peru was the plan they wanted no part of it next there came a string of defeats and then two of tupac amaru 'he's most important officers a colonel and a captain betrayed him to the Spanish the authorities questioned tupac amaru to find out who may have secretly helped him he refused to talk so the Spanish executed his wife his son many other family members and some of his best friends as he watched they then tied each of his arms and legs to a strong horse the four horses ran in opposite directions and so his limbs were ripped off his guts were pulled out while he was still alive and finally they cut his head off his head and other body parts were taken to the areas where the rebellion had gone well to show the Indians there that their rebel leader was dead and so was his rebellion but was it the rebellions and attacks on White's tour across the Andes to Bolivia Argentina and Chile it took the Spanish many years and a lot of hard fighting to bring that region of South America back under control and just as soon as they had got control back from rebellious Indians the Wars of Independence from Spain started this revolt was created by the very american-born whites that Tupac had so hated what is 2-packs legacy he left a certain racial pride among the Indians that they had put up a real fight against the Spanish colonists his name struck fear into South American whites for generations but inspired guerrilla fighters and equality activists long after his terrible death too many black or indian latin americans he is a hero even in north america his name was adopted by a rap singer to show his aggressive black consciousness and attitude to whites to others black white or mixed race he was a good man who was pushed too hard and could not control the vengeful massacres of whites by his Indian rebel soldiers