Lecture on Acid Reflux and GERD

Introduction

• Heartburn is a common discomfort associated with acid reflux.
• Both minor and severe forms can cause significant pain and damage to the digestive tract.

Key Differences

Acid Reflux

• Common experience for most people at some point.
• Known as heartburn, despite having no relation to the heart.
• Caused by digestive tract issues, felt as chest pain.
  • Factors include meal size, spiciness, time of day, position.

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)

• More severe, chronic version of acid reflux.
• Occurs multiple times a day.
• Can cause ulcers and damage to the esophagus.
• Affects both adults and infants.
  • Infants may suffer due to immature esophageal control.

Anatomy and Physiology

Stomach and Esophagus

• Inside the stomach: Gastric Rugae (stomach folds) allow expansion and help grind food.
• Mucosal cells line the stomach, secreting mucus to protect against acid.
• Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to aid digestion.

Digestive Process

• Digestive material is processed into a paste called chyme.
• Chyme is released into the intestines through the pylorus and controlled by the pyloric sphincter.

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

• Located at the base of the esophagus into the stomach.
• Problems arise when it fails to close properly, allowing acid reflux.

Causes and Treatment

Causes

• Acid reflux: temporary due to excess acid or abdominal pressure.
• GERD: chronic issue, exact cause is debated.
  • Possible factors include excess acid production or pressure.

Treatment

• Acid Reflux: often managed with antacids.
• GERD: requires prescription medication to reduce acid production.

Conclusion

• Understanding the difference between acid reflux and GERD is crucial.
• GERD requires more serious medical attention due to its potential to cause severe esophageal damage.

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