what's up guys in this video we're going to be talking about the different types of abnormal and irregular breathing patterns that you need to be familiar with as a respiratory therapist are you ready let's go [Music] first and foremost there are three reasons why you must be familiar with the different breathing patterns that we are going to talk about in this video the first reason is because you will be required to know this information for your exams in respiratory therapy school second because you will see this information again when you take the board exams so that's why you need to go ahead and learn it right now and third because you will need to recognize these breathing patterns once you start seeing patients on your own as a respiratory therapist so if you're ready let's go ahead and dive right in first we'll talk about you Taniya you Taniya is normal breathing and includes a normal respiratory rate of 12 to 20 breaths per minute the pattern depth and rhythm are all normal as you can see as the waves go up and down at a normal rate next we have Ticket Nia Ticket Nia means that there is an increased respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute it is caused by hypoxia fever pain or a central nervous system problem next we have Brady Nia Brady at Nia means that there is a decreased respiratory rate less than 12 breaths per minute it is caused by sleep drug overdose alcohol and some metabolic disorders and then we have apnea this of course means that there is no breathing it is a complete shutdown of the respiratory system so basically with apnea the patient is not breathing this pattern is seen in death head trauma and strokes next on our list is hyper Taniya hyper Nia means that there is an increased respiratory rate rythm and depth of breathing this pattern is usually caused by metabolic or central nervous system disorders next we have cheyne-stokes breathing this is an abnormal breathing pattern with periods of progressively deeper breaths alternating with periods of shallow breathing and apnea you will often see this breathing pattern in brainstem injuries and when the patient has an increased intracranial pressure and here's a little exam int for the TMC exam and clinical Sims when you get a problem with a patient showing the cheyne-stokes breathing pattern most of the time you can automatically assume that the patient has had a stroke this little tidbit should come in handy when you take the exam and our study guides are loaded with these helpful exam hints and if you're interested you can find links below down in the description so moving right along next we'll talk about by its breathing by its breathing is characterized by irregular periods of apnea alternating with periods in which four or five breaths of identical depth are taken so with this pattern essentially the patient is rapid gasping for air followed by a period of apnea this one is similar to cheyne-stokes itself for each breath has the same depth and it most often occurs in patients with increased intracranial pressure the next breathing pattern that we need to talk about is qu smalls breathing for Kussmaul breathing I want you to remember deep and fast this pattern has an increased respiratory rate and depth with an irregular this is a labored form of breathing that is usually associated with diabetic ketoacidosis next we'll talk about orthopnea orthopnea basically means that the patient will have difficulty breathing while lying down orthopnea is most commonly seen in patients with CHF pulmonary edema fluid overload and chronic lung diseases and again another exam hint so when you're taking the TMC exam if you get a question about a patient that has orthopnea I want you to automatically think that the patient has CHF or pulmonary edema and last but most certainly not least you have a blue stick breathing out new stick breathing is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by deep gasping inspiration with a pause at full inspiration followed by a brief partial expiration this pattern indicates that there is damage to the pons and is associated with head trauma severe brain hypoxia or lack of blood flow to the brain now I want to share with you an example of a TMC practice question in regards to breathing patterns so just in case if you see something like this on the exam you will know how to answer it correctly so let's go ahead and break this one down here's the question while assessing a female patient's breathing pattern you see that her tidal volumes go from small to large to small and then stop for 10 seconds before starting again which of the following would best describe this breathing pattern is it a Cheyne Stokes breathing be qu smalls breathing see obstructed expiration or D you Taniya the correct answer is a Cheyne Stokes breathing now of course you absolutely must know the breathing patterns for the TMC exam that is because you will see at least one question about them on the exam so for this one when you have a patient that is breathing deep and shallow breaths with periods of apnea this perfectly describes the cheyne-stokes breathing pattern and the most important thing that I want you to remember about this pattern is that it is seen in stroke and head trauma patients so by looking through all the answer choices and using what we know about the different breathing patterns we could easily determine that the correct answer has to be a Cheyne Stokes breathing well what did you think if you enjoyed how we broke down this practice question I just want to take a quick second to tell you about our practice questions Pro membership how would you like to get new TMC practice questions like the ones in our videos send to your inbox every single day well the good news is now you can going through a new practice question every day may sound like a small thing but over time the knowledge that you'll gain will add up to huge results so if you're interested in getting our premium practice questions delivered to your inbox on a daily basis check out the link below at the top of the description alright guys that wraps up our list of abnormal and irregular breathing patterns that you need to know as a medical professional or respiratory therapist I hope that this list simplifies things for you and makes it easier to remember these breathing patterns because like I said earlier you will see this information again in respiratory therapy school on your board exams and in real life once you start seeing patients on your own so that is why it is important to invest time to learn this information now so that you can continue to use it throughout your career as a respiratory therapist if you thought this video was helpful please do me a favor and hit that thumbs up button also don't forget to subscribe so you don't miss out on any of our future videos that's it for this one thanks again for watching and I will see you in the next video and as always breathe easy my friend