Lecture on the Sick Role Theory

Introduction

• The behavior of individuals changes when they are ill compared to when they are healthy.
• Inquiry into whether individuals fight illness actively or prefer bed rest.

Talcott Parsons and the Sick Role

• Talcott Parsons introduced the sick role theory in 1951.
• Considered the father of medical sociology.
• Sick Role: A framework for understanding the rights and responsibilities of those who are ill.

Key Concepts of the Sick Role

• Legitimized Deviance:
  • Ill individuals are not expected to fulfill societal roles.
  • Accepted by society under specific conditions.

Four Criteria of the Sick Role

1. Exemption from Normal Roles:
   • Sick individuals are exempt from societal responsibilities like work or school.
   • Requires a valid doctor’s note to justify absence.
2. Requirement of Help:
   • Sick individuals are not responsible for their illness and thus need help from family and friends.
   • Assistance could include help with nutrition or physical therapy.
3. Recovery Obligation:
   • Illness is viewed as temporary; efforts should be made to recover.
   • Includes proper nutrition and exercise.
4. Seeking Professional Help:
   • Sick individuals must seek medical care beyond family and friends.
   • Professional medical intervention is necessary for recovery.

Criticisms of the Sick Role Theory

• Exclusion of Chronic Illness and Disability:
  • Parsons' theory does not account for individuals born ill or with disabilities.

Conclusion

• Parsons posits that individuals who do not meet these criteria cannot be classified as sick.
• Raises questions about other potential issues with the theory.