Software Overview and Types

Overview

This lecture introduces the concept of software, explains how it works, and outlines the main types of software, with examples and their uses.

Software is a set of data, programs, and instructions that tell hardware how to perform tasks.
Software differs from hardware, which is the physical components of a device.
Software operates using the input > process > output principle.

Application software is designed for end-users to perform specific tasks.
Examples include word processors, spreadsheets, databases, multimedia players, email clients, and enterprise tools.
Application software supports business needs like sales, marketing, banking, and more.

System software manages hardware and creates a platform for application software.
Includes operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android) and system utilities.
Essential for device function; apps rely on system software to operate.

Firmware is software stored on a device's motherboard/chipset to ensure basic operation.
Example: BIOS starts hardware before the operating system loads.

Programming software assists developers in creating and maintaining applications.
Includes compilers, IDEs (e.g., Visual Studio Code, Eclipse), and debugging tools.
IDEs help find errors and reduce development time.

Driver software allows hardware components and peripherals to communicate with the operating system.
Necessary for devices like graphics cards, printers, and USB drives to function.

Freeware is software that's free to use but with closed source code and license limitations.
Examples: GIMP, various virtual machines.
Suitable for personal, non-commercial use unless specified otherwise.

Shareware is trial software that is free for a limited time or with restricted features.
Example: WinZip compression software.
Allows users to try before buying.

Open source software provides access to its source code for use, modification, and sharing.
Example: Linux operating system.
Promotes community-driven improvements.

Closed source software does not provide access to source code and usually requires payment.
Example: Skype, Microsoft Office.
Designed for commercial or private use with strict licensing.

Software — Sets of instructions or programs directing hardware to perform tasks.
Application Software — Programs written for end-user tasks.
System Software — Core programs managing hardware and enabling other software.
Firmware — Permanent software on hardware for basic control.
Programming Software — Tools to write, debug, and maintain code.
Driver Software — Programs allowing hardware and OS communication.
Freeware — Free to use, closed source software.
Shareware — Software free for trial or limited use before purchase.
Open Source Software — Software with freely accessible and modifiable source code.
Closed Source Software — Proprietary software with hidden source code.
Utility Software — Programs for system health, maintenance, and optimization.