Corticosteroids vs. NSAIDs: Types, Side Effects & Interactions

Introduction

• Corticosteroids and NSAIDs are medications used to reduce inflammation.
• Corticosteroids are hormones, while NSAIDs are non-narcotic pain relievers.

Differences

• Corticosteroids treat inflammation by suppressing immune responses and breaking down fats, carbs, and proteins.
• NSAIDs treat pain and inflammation, reduce fevers by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX).

Uses

• Corticosteroids: Used for conditions like arthritis, colitis, asthma, bronchitis, allergic reactions, and skin rashes.
• NSAIDs: Used for pain management in headaches, injuries, arthritis, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, and as fever reducers.

Types

Corticosteroids

• Common drugs: prednisone, cortisone, methylprednisolone.
• Systemic corticosteroids include: hydrocortisone, prednisolone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone.

NSAIDs

• Common drugs: ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, diclofenac.
• Other examples: aspirin, etodolac, indomethacin.

Side Effects

Corticosteroids

• Fluid retention, high blood pressure, headaches, muscle weakness.
• Long-term effects: obesity, growth retardation in children, psychiatric disturbances.
• Immune system suppression leading to increased infection rates.

NSAIDs

• Common: nausea, diarrhea, constipation, headaches.
• Serious: kidney failure, liver failure, stomach ulcers.
• Allergic reactions, especially in individuals with asthma.

Drug Interactions

Corticosteroids

• Drugs affecting liver metabolism (e.g., erythromycin, ketoconazole) can alter corticosteroid levels.
• Interactions with warfarin can affect blood coagulation.
• Diuretics and amphotericin B can lead to hypokalemia.

NSAIDs

• Reduced effects of diuretics and increased lithium levels.
• Increased bleeding risk with anticoagulants like warfarin.
• Potential increased blood pressure antagonizing hypertension medications.

Warnings

• NSAIDs can increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
• Long-term use of corticosteroids should not be stopped abruptly due to the risk of adrenal crisis.

Conclusion

• Both corticosteroids and NSAIDs have specific uses, types, and potential side effects.
• It's essential to be aware of drug interactions and follow medical advice when using these medications.