Mr. Sin Channel - AP Human Geography: Urban Models

Introduction

• Focus on seven urban models for AP Human Geography.
• Reminder: Understanding these models requires knowledge of the Bid Rent Theory.

Bid Rent Theory

• Concept: Land prices decrease as distance from CBD increases.
• Impact on Settlements:
  • Closer to CBD: High-density, vertical construction (e.g., skyscrapers).
  • Farther from CBD: Horizontal expansion, more green spaces, single-family homes.
• Population Density Influence:
  • High density = High land price
  • Lower density = Cheaper land

Urban Models

1. Burgess Concentric Model (1920s, Chicago):

   • CBD at center; surrounded by older, lower-income housing.
   • Wealthier residents live farther from the CBD.
   • Zones from center: CBD, transition zone (industrial/lower income), working-class homes, better residences, commuter zone.
   • Challenges: Globalization, urban renewal, gentrification affecting model relevance.

2. Hoyt Sector Model:

   • CBD as the center with a focus on transportation.
   • City develops in sectors/wedges based on economic/environmental factors.
   • Industrial/business sectors near transport routes (e.g., highways).

3. Harris and Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model (1945):

   • Multiple CBDs, more complex spatial layout.
   • Nodes attract specific activities (e.g., industrial vs. corporate jobs).

4. Galactic (Peripheral) Model (1960s):

   • Post-industrial, focus on services rather than manufacturing.
   • Edge cities on beltways/highways.
   • Example: Atlanta with its beltway and road network.

5. Latin American City Model:

   • Influence of European colonization.
   • Central plaza with government/religious buildings.
   • CBD and spine with wealthy residents/commercial activities.
   • Zones: Maturity, middle/low-income housing, disamenity zones (extreme poverty).

6. Sub-Saharan African City Model:

   • Impact of European colonization.
   • Three CBDs: Colonial, traditional, informal market zone.
   • Ethnic neighborhoods and informal settlements (shanty towns).
   • Infrastructure near city more robust.

7. Southeast Asian City Model:

   • No traditional CBD; city revolves around a port.
   • Factors: Geography, colonial trade posts, urbanization.
   • Alien commercial zones for foreign trade/investment.
   • Residential areas mixed, with some based on income.

Conclusion

• Reviewed various city models and their characteristics.
• Emphasis on understanding how historical, economic, and social factors influence urban development and structure.
• Encouragement to practice and explore further resources available on the Mr. Sin Channel.