Gate Smashers Lecture: Types of Operating Systems

Introduction

• Overview of operating systems.
• Explanation of batch operating system.
• Importance for university, college, and competitive exams.
• Video link for multi-programmed and multi-tasking OS in the description.

Types of Operating Systems

• Batch Operating System
• Multi-programmed Operating System
• Multi-tasking Operating System
• Real-time Operating System
• Distributed Operating System
• Clustered System
• Embedded System

Batch Operating System

Introduction

• Developed in the 1960s.
• Used by major companies for heavy computation (NASA, ISRO).
• Jobs were loaded on punch cards or magnetic tapes.
• Users could not directly interact with the computers.

Process

• Batch of similar jobs are created and given to a computer.
• Jobs loaded offline and given to a company operator.
• Operator provides jobs to the CPU.

Execution

• CPU executes one job at a time.
• If a job required input/output, CPU stayed idle.
• Disadvantage: High CPU idle time due to non pre-emption.

Output

• Users had to wait for an undefined time to get results.
• Results were collected physically from companies.

Refinements

• Introduction of monitors to replace operators.
• Users could directly punch cards into the system.
• IBM created systems like FORTRAN and IBSYS 709X in the 1960s.
• Monitors allowed direct interaction with the system.

Conclusion

• Batch Operating Systems were foundational in the 1960s.
• Major refinement over time with the introduction of monitors.
• IBM's contributions significant with FORTRAN and IBSYS systems.

Note

• Understanding batch OS is sufficient without deeper study into complex systems.