Notes on the 1920s: Cultural and Social Changes

Introduction to the 1920s

• The decade known for its radical cultural shifts.
• Prohibition began in January 1920 with the 18th Amendment, making alcohol illegal but widely disregarded.

Prohibition and Speakeasies

• Speakeasies: Secret bars selling illegal alcohol.
• Organized crime flourished as rival gangs fought for control over the illegal liquor trade.
• Prohibition symbolized the decade's spirit of rebellion against tradition.

Urbanization and the Emergence of Modern America

• By 1920, more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas.
• Skyscrapers represented America's aspirations and the growth of urban culture.
  • Broadway: Symbolized American entertainment.
  • Madison Avenue: Represented the booming advertising industry.
  • Wall Street: Epitome of economic opportunity with a significant increase in millionaires.

Lifestyle and Social Dynamics

• The wealthy lived lavish lives with numerous servants and extravagant parties.
• The Harlem Renaissance: A cultural movement showcasing African American contributions to art and music.
  • Jazz music flourished with artists like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington.

Changes in Daily Life

• Technological advancements transformed daily living:
  • Electricity: Became widespread, extending the day and increasing productivity.
  • Automobiles: Provided freedom and independence.
  • Credit: Changed consumer behavior as people began buying on credit.

The Rise of Radio

• Radio emerged as a significant medium for entertainment and information.
• The first commercial radio broadcast occurred in 1920, leading to a shared cultural experience across America.

Women's Rights and Social Change

• The 19th Amendment in 1920 granted women the right to vote, marking a significant change in societal roles.
• Flappers emerged, symbolizing women's newfound freedom and defiance of traditional norms.

Traditional vs. Modern Values

• The 1920s witnessed a clash between traditional values and modernity, exemplified by the Scopes Trial, which debated evolution vs. creationism.
• Resistance to change led to the rise of groups like the Ku Klux Klan, which sought to uphold traditional values against perceived modern threats.

Sports and Heroes

• Spectator sports became hugely popular, with figures like Babe Ruth capturing the public's imagination.
• Aviation was glamorized by Charles Lindbergh's historic solo flight across the Atlantic.

The Stock Market and Economic Collapse

• The decade ended with a stock market crash in October 1929, leading to the Great Depression.
• Many lost their life savings, revealing the fragility of the booming economy.

Conclusion

• The 1920s were characterized by a paradox of high optimism and subsequent economic despair, shaping the future of America.