AP Human Geography Review Summary

Introduction

• Overview of the video: Summarizing all seven units of AP Human Geography.
• Goal: Review highlights, main concepts before AP test or final exam.
• Mention of additional resources: Ultimate Review Packet, Discord community.

Unit 1: Maps and Spatial Concepts

• Map Types:
  • Thematic vs. Reference Maps
  • Different Map Projections and Distortions
• GIS (Geographic Information Systems):
  • Layering data, identifying spatial relationships.
• Research Types:
  • Quantitative (census data) vs. Qualitative (attitudes, beliefs).
• Spatial Concepts:
  • Technology and distance decay.
  • Sense of place and cultural landscape.
• Environmental Sustainability:
  • Environmental Determinism vs. Possibilism.
• Scale:
  • Scale of Analysis and its importance.
• Types of Regions:
  • Functional/Nodal, Perceptual/Vernacular, Formal/Uniform.

Unit 2: Population and Migration

• Population Distribution:
  • Factors influencing where people live.
• Population Density Types:
  • Arithmetic, Physiological, Agricultural Density.
• Key Vocabulary:
  • CBR, CDR, NIR, growth rate, sex ratios, dependency ratios.
• Population Pyramids:
  • Demographic Transition Model (DTM) stages.
• Malthusian Theory:
  • Malthus vs. Neo-Malthusians.
• Migration Factors:
  • Push vs. Pull factors, forced vs. voluntary migration.
• Cultural Impacts:
  • Acculturation, assimilation, diffusion patterns.

Unit 3: Culture

• Cultural Relativism vs. Ethnocentrism:
• Cultural Landscape:
  • Practices, beliefs, attitudes, technologies, and food.
• Forces within Culture:
  • Centripetal (unifying) vs. Centrifugal (divisive).
• Diffusion Types:
  • Relocation, Expansion (Hierarchical, Contagious, Stimulus).
• Religions:
  • Universalizing vs. Ethnic religions.
• Language:
  • Language families, diffusion, and impact on culture.

Unit 4: Political Geography

• Nation vs. State:
  • Definition and importance of the distinction.
• Political Organizations:
  • Autonomous, semi-autonomous regions, self-determination.
• Colonialism and Imperialism:
  • Boundary creation (relic, antecedent, subsequent, consequent).
• Gerrymandering:
  • Impact on political power and voting districts.
• State Power Structures:
  • Unitary vs. Federal states.

Unit 5: Agricultural Practices

• Intensive vs. Extensive Agriculture:
  • Definitions and examples.
• Settlement Patterns:
  • Clustered, dispersed, linear settlements.
• Agricultural Revolutions:
  • Neolithic, Industrial, Green Revolution.
• Economic Debate:
  • Organic farming, local food movements vs. commercial agriculture.

Unit 6: Cities and Urbanization

• Site vs. Situation Factors:
• Settlement Types:
  • Gravity model, Central Place Theory.
• Urban Models:
  • Burgess, Hoyt, Harris-Alonso Models, etc.
• Gentrification:
  • Effects on property values and local residents.

Unit 7: Globalization and Economic Systems

• Formal vs. Informal Economy:
• Economic Sectors:
  • Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary.
• Global Trade Dynamics:
  • Offshoring, neoliberal policies, comparative advantage.
• Theories of Economic Development:
  • Rostow's Stages of Growth, Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory, Dependency Theory.

Conclusion

• Encouragement to review materials and utilize resources.
• Best wishes for AP tests or final exams.