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What are the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis?
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Symptoms include severe hypertension, chest pain, dysrhythmias, dyspnea, delirium, fever, nausea, and vomiting.
How is thyrotoxicosis treated?
Treatment involves beta blockers, antithyroid medications, and antipyretics for fever.
What are the primary causes of hyperthyroidism?
Primary hyperthyroidism is caused by issues with the thyroid gland itself such as Graves' disease (autoimmune) or thyroid nodules.
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
Tachycardia, hypertension, heat intolerance, exophthalmos, weight loss without trying, insomnia, diarrhea, warm sweaty skin.
What hormonal imbalance is seen in primary hyperthyroidism?
Elevated T3 and T4, decreased TSH.
What differentiates secondary hyperthyroidism from primary hyperthyroidism in terms of lab results?
Secondary hyperthyroidism has elevated T3, T4, and TSH due to a pituitary disorder, whereas primary hyperthyroidism has elevated T3 and T4 but decreased TSH.
What is tertiary hyperthyroidism and what are its lab results?
Tertiary hyperthyroidism is caused by hypothalamus dysfunction, leading to excess TRH. Lab results show elevated T3, T4, and TSH.
What is thyrotoxicosis and what are the triggers for this condition?
Thyrotoxicosis, or thyroid storm, is a life-threatening condition with excessively high levels of thyroid hormones. Triggers include infection, stress, diabetic ketoacidosis, and thyroidectomy.
What dietary changes should be recommended for patients with hyperthyroidism?
Patients should increase their calorie and protein intake to compensate for the increased metabolism.
What specific nursing care should be provided for exophthalmos in hyperthyroidism patients?
Nursing care includes taping eyelids closed for sleep and providing eye lubricants.
Why is it important to monitor weight and vital signs in patients with hyperthyroidism?
Monitoring weight and vital signs helps assess the effectiveness of treatment and detect potential complications such as weight loss and cardiovascular issues.
What nursing care is essential for a patient experiencing thyrotoxicosis?
Nursing care includes maintaining a patent airway and monitoring for dysrhythmias.
Describe the hormonal pathway involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland.
The hypothalamus produces TRH, which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce TSH, which in turn stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4.
Which medications are commonly used to treat primary hyperthyroidism?
Common medications include Propylthiouracil (PTU), iodine solutions, and beta blockers.
What are common treatments for primary hyperthyroidism?
Treatments include surgical thyroidectomy, medications such as PTU, iodine solutions, and beta blockers.
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