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Describe the difference between conductors and insulators.
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Conductors allow free movement of charges, whereas insulators do not permit the free flow of charges.
How is the nature of transfer of charge different for electrons and protons?
The transfer of charge mainly involves electrons because they are more mobile, whereas protons are generally stationary within atomic nuclei.
What is Coulomb's Law and its significance in electrostatics?
Coulomb's Law states that the electric force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
What does the conservation of charge principle state?
The conservation of charge principle states that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant over time.
What does it mean for a body to be electrically neutral?
A body is electrically neutral if it has equal numbers of protons and electrons, resulting in no net charge.
What is an electric field and how is it represented?
An electric field is a region around a charged particle where its electric force is felt. It is represented by electric field lines.
How is charge transferred between objects?
Charge is typically transferred between objects through the movement of electrons.
What effect do moving charges have compared to static charges?
Moving charges produce both electric and magnetic fields, whereas static charges only produce electric fields.
What role do dielectrics play in capacitors?
Dielectrics modify the capacitance by increasing the capacitor's ability to store charge and energy.
What are the properties of electric charges at rest?
Electric charges at rest produce electric fields and influence the surrounding region without creating magnetic fields.
What is the scalar property of charge?
The scalar property of charge indicates that charge does not have direction and can be added algebraically.
Explain the principle of quantization of charge.
The principle of quantization of charge states that charge exists in discrete packets and is always an integral multiple of the elementary charge (e).
What is meant by the invariance of electric charge?
The invariance of electric charge means that the amount of charge is independent of the reference frame and remains constant irrespective of the observer’s point of view.
Define electric potential and potential difference.
Electric potential is the work done to bring a unit positive charge from infinity to a point in space. Potential difference is the work done in moving a unit charge between two points.
Explain the concept of additivity in electric charge.
The total charge of a system is the algebraic sum of all individual charges in that system.
What is the charge of an electron and a proton?
An electron has a charge of -1.6 x 10^-19 C and a proton has a charge of +1.6 x 10^-19 C.
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