Welcome back. We have talked before a little bit about conjugating verbs, but I've only told you a few conjugations. We haven't yet gone over how to conjugate verbs, so that's what today's lesson is going to be. In order to use any verb in Korean, it must first be conjugated or changed from its dictionary form or The form that you would see it as if you found it in the dictionary.
This dictionary form, as I said in a previous lesson, will always end with 다. For example, we learned the verbs 가다 to go as 가요, 먹다 to eat 먹어요, 좋아하다 to like as 좋아해요, 보다 to see as 보아요, 이다 to be as 이에요 or 에요. But these are just one conjugated form, and there are others that we'll have to learn about in the future too.
So let's talk a bit about that. What is a conjugated verb? Well, each verb in Korean can have multiple possible ways of conjugating it depending on how you're using it.
For example, let's just look at a few conjugations for one verb 먹다, to eat. In present tense formal form you can have 먹습니다. Past tense formal 먹었습니다. Future tense formal 먹겠습니다. Present tense informal 먹어요, which is the one that we learned.
Past tense informal, 먹었어요. I ate. Future tense informal, 먹을 거예요. I will eat. Present tense casual, 먹어.
Past tense casual, 먹 었어. And future tense casual, 먹을 거야. There can be dozens and dozens of possible ways to conjugate or change a verb from its dictionary form into a different form. But don't let that list scare you. As I said, you only need to learn each...
form once, and you can apply that to every verb, which makes it really nice. And we've actually already learned one conjugated grammar form, 고 싶다, which if you remember is attaching 고 싶다 to a verb stem and conjugating 싶다, which we've used as just 싶어요. So 가다 would become 가고 싶어요, 먹고 싶어요, 보고 싶어요, 마시고 싶어요, like that.
And this form that we've used for a few verbs is known as present tense informal. Present because it's happening right now in the present, informal because it's not formal. And here are some more examples of that.
가다 to go becoming 가요. 먹다 becoming 먹어요. 좋아하다 becoming 좋아해요.
보다 becoming 보아요. And 이다 becoming 이에요 or 예요. Present tense just means that it's happening in the present so not in the past or the future, and informal means it's not formal. Now informal can be used with anyone you're not close friends with, but should not be used in a formal situation like giving a speech, or meeting a boss, or someone like that.
So an example of this present tense informal form would be the sentence 저는 피자를 좋아해요. I like pizza. Present tense, like, right now. And it's informal, it's not impolite, but it's not formal. So you wouldn't want to say this when you need to be extra formal.
but you're also not being rude by saying 좋아해요. Later we will talk about past tense and future tense, as well as how to speak formally and more casually, but right now let's just focus on this form. What we're going to be learning here is what's called the 요 form. Now the 요 form by itself is an informal ending. It's not rude, but it's not overly formal.
And we've used it in all of the conjugations that we've learned so far, as you can see three here. In this lesson we're going to learn How to make the Yule form so that we can easily learn new verbs and conjugate them and use them in our own sentences. And specifically, we're going to be using the Yule form in the present tense. So to say, I do something, not I did something or will do something.
We'll learn those in a future lesson. So let's talk about how to make the Yule form, and the basic steps are as follows. Step one, get the verb stem of a verb. Step two, if that verb stem ends in 아 or 오 as its vowel, attach the syllable 아. Or if that verb stem ends with any other vowel, attach the syllable 어.
And step three, attach 요 to the end. But these are just the basic rules and not everything will follow these, and we'll talk about that in a bit. So for example, let's take the verb 안다, which is to sit down. Notice that due to sound change rules this is pronounced as 안다. If the verb stem is 안, well it has the vowel 아, so we're going to be attaching 아.
And now we get 앉아. 앉아. And finally we attach 요 to that. 앉아요. So you could make this sentence 저는, as for me, 앉아요.
저는 앉아요. I sit down. So let's do some simple practice though first.
Let's look at the verb 먹다, to eat. The verb stem of 먹다 is 먹. Now 어 is not the vowel 아 or 오, so we're going to attach the syllable 어. 먹어. Now we attach 요.
먹어요. 먹어요. Now we have a conjugated verb and we can make this sentence.
저는 피자를 먹어요. I eat pizza. The next example is 만들다.
To make. 만들다's verb stem is 만들. 들 does not end in the vowel 아 or 오, so we're going to attach the syllable 어.
만들어. And then we attach 요 and we get 만들어요. So we can make this sentence.