Introduction to C#

• C# is a flexible programming language.
• Used for console apps, web services, games.
• Average C# developer salary: $63,000/year.

Setup for C# Development

• Use an IDE like Visual Studio Community.
• Download and install Visual Studio.
• Packages to check: .NET Desktop Development, Unity (if needed).

Basic C# Coding

• Main Method: Entry point for C# programs.
  • Syntax: static void Main(string[] args).
• Console Output: Console.WriteLine() to display text.
• Comments: // for single-line, /*...*/ for multi-line.
• Escape Sequences: \n for new line, \t for tab.
• Console Beep: Console.Beep(); for sound.

Variables and Data Types

• Declaration: Define a variable, e.g., int x.
• Initialization: Assign value, e.g., x = 10.
• Data Types: int, double, bool, char, string.
• Constants: Use const keyword.

Typecasting

• Convert between types using Convert.ToInt32(), Convert.ToDouble(), etc.
• Example: int to double, string to int.

User Input

• Use Console.ReadLine() to get user input.
• Convert input using Convert methods as needed.

Arithmetic and Operators

• Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %.
• Increment/Decrement: ++, --.
• Compound Assignment: +=, -=, *=, /=.

Math Class

• Methods like Math.Pow(), Math.Sqrt(), Math.Abs(), Math.Round().

Random Numbers

• Use Random class: Random rand = new Random();.
• Methods: Next(), NextDouble().

Strings and Formatting

• Methods like ToUpper(), ToLower(), Replace(), Insert(), Substring().
• Length Property: .Length to get string length.

Conditional Logic

• If Statements: Basic decision making.
• Switch: Alternative to multiple if-else.
• Logical Operators: && (AND), || (OR).

Loops

• While Loop: Repeats while a condition is true.
• For Loop: Repeats a set number of times.
• Nested Loops: Loop within a loop.

Methods

• Reusable code blocks.
• Syntax: static void MethodName() {}.
• Parameters: Pass data into methods.

Object-Oriented Programming

• Classes: Blueprints for objects.
• Objects: Instances of classes.
• Constructors: Special methods to initialize objects.
• Inheritance: Child classes inherit from parent classes.
• Interfaces: Define contracts for classes.

Data Structures

• Arrays: Fixed-size, use for similar data types.
• Lists: Dynamic size, can grow/shrink as needed.

Advanced Topics

• Polymorphism: Objects can take many forms.
• Typecasting and Generics: Work with different data types.
• Multithreading: Run multiple threads for concurrent tasks.

Miscellaneous

• Enums: Named integer constants.
• Exception Handling: try, catch, finally blocks for error handling.
• Static Modifier: For class members shared among all instances.

Conclusion

• Practice and explore these concepts to master C# programming.
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