The Endocannabinoid System (ECS)

Overview

• Present across brains and nervous systems in mammals.
• Most extensive biological system of receptors in the body.
• Present from birth, playing a role in brain development and synapse formation.

Locations in the Body

• Nervous system
• Glands
• Immune cells
• Organs
• Brain
• Connective tissues

Physiological Impact

• Affects all eleven central physiological systems.
• Functions in balancing vital physiological processes:
  • Sleep
  • Appetite
  • Pain
  • Inflammation
  • Memory
  • Mood
  • Reproduction

How the ECS Works

• Regulates homeostasis across physiological systems.
• Responds to external stress by managing cortisol and endocannabinoid levels.

Types of Cannabinoids

• Endocannabinoids: Produced naturally within the body.
• Exogenous Cannabinoids: External compounds like CBD and THC (phyto cannabinoids from plants).

ECS Mechanism

• Uses a key-lock model:
  • Cannabinoids = Keys
  • Receptors = Locks
• Interaction causes various physiological effects.
• Comprised of three main components:
  • Endocannabinoids: e.g., Anandamide (bliss from exercise and meditation) and 2-AG (appetite, pain, immune function).
  • Enzymes: Recycle used endocannabinoids.
  • Receptors: Receive cannabinoid messages.

Types of Receptors

• CB1 Receptors: In brain and spinal cord. Regulate appetite, memory, and pain reduction.
• CB2 Receptors: In immune system. Reduce inflammation.

ECS Function

• Aims for homeostasis, maintaining stability despite external changes.

Therapeutic Implications

• Explanation for multiple therapeutic uses of medical cannabis.