Morphology of Flowering Plants: Root

Jul 28, 2024

Lecture Notes: Morphology of Flowering Plants - Root

Introduction

  • Welcome message, technical issues acknowledged.
  • Interactive session with students and encouragement to join quickly.

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Today's Topic

  • Chapter: Morphology of Flowering Plants (Unit 2, Chapter 5 in NCERT).
  • Focus on roots and important MCQs related to the topic.

Previous Homework Review

  • Discussed characteristics of neresis, scorpion, cockroach, silverfish.
  • Key takeaways from the exercise.

Types of Roots

  • Primary Roots:
    • Originate from the radical during germination.
  • Lateral Roots:
    • Emerge from primary roots and are secondary roots.

Types of Root Systems

  1. Tap Root System:
    • Originates from the radical.
    • Example: Dicots (e.g., carrots, beets).
  2. Fibrous Root System:
    • Originates from parts other than the radical.
    • Example: Monocots (e.g., grasses, sugarcane).

Structure of Roots

  • Root Cap:

    • Thimble-like structure at the apex of roots.
    • Protects tender root tips while penetrating soil.

  • Regions of Roots:

    • Meristematic Zone:
      • Actively dividing cells, responsible for root growth.
    • Elongation Zone:
      • Cells elongate, contributing to lengthening.
    • Maturation Zone:
      • Root hairs present for absorption, cells mature here.

Functions of Roots

  1. Absorption:
    • Water and minerals from soil.
  2. Anchorage:
    • Secure plants in soil, preventing uprooting.
  3. Storage:
    • Store food (e.g., carrots, turnips).
  4. Synthesis of Growth Regulators:
    • Influence plant growth and development.

Modifications of Roots

  • Storage Roots:
    • Adapted to store food (e.g., sweet potato).
  • Respiratory Roots:
    • Emerge above ground in marshy areas (e.g., mangroves).
  • Supportive Roots:
    • Types: Prop roots (e.g., banyan trees), stilt roots (e.g., maize, sugarcane).

Supportive Root Types

  1. Prop Roots:
    • Emerge from aerial branches for support (e.g., banyan tree).
  2. Stilt Roots:
    • Provide stability in plants like sugarcane.
  3. Climbing Roots:
    • Help climbing plants like figs and betel plants.

Closing Remarks

  • Interactive questions to review knowledge, emphasizing understanding.
  • Encouragement for the next session.
  • Gratitude for participation.