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Twelfth Night Summary

Jun 13, 2025

Overview

Twelfth Night, a comedy by William Shakespeare, explores themes of mistaken identity, love triangles, and hidden desires, centering on Viola's disguise and intertwined relationships in Illyria.

Main Characters and Initial Setup

  • Viola survives a shipwreck in Illyria, separated from her twin brother Sebastian.
  • Viola disguises herself as Cesario to serve Duke Orsino.
  • Duke Orsino is hopelessly in love with Countess Olivia, who refuses his advances as she mourns her brother.
  • Olivia, initially uninterested in Orsino, becomes captivated by Cesario (Viola in disguise).

Development of the Love Triangle

  • Orsino sends Cesario to woo Olivia on his behalf; Viola secretly falls in love with Orsino.
  • Olivia reveals her affection for Cesario, sending him a ring and inviting him back.
  • Viola, trapped by her disguise, is unable to reciprocate Olivia’s feelings or reveal her true identity.

Subplots and Comic Relief

  • Sir Toby, Olivia’s uncle, and Sir Andrew, a foolish suitor, create comedic situations in Olivia’s household.
  • Malvolio, Olivia's steward, is tricked by Maria, Feste, and Sir Toby with fake love letters.
  • Malvolio’s odd behavior, under the impression Olivia loves him, leads to his humiliation.

Escalation and Mistaken Identities

  • Sir Andrew challenges Cesario to a duel over Olivia’s affection.
  • Antonio, a wanted sea captain, intervenes, mistaking Viola for Sebastian.
  • Sebastian, Viola’s twin, arrives in Illyria and is mistaken for Cesario by Olivia, leading to their sudden marriage.

Resolution and Revelations

  • The confusion peaks when Viola, still disguised, is accused of betrayal by Orsino after Olivia claims to have eloped with Cesario.
  • Sebastian’s appearance clarifies the mistaken identities; Viola reveals herself and reunites with her brother.
  • Orsino, recognizing Viola’s loyalty, proposes marriage to her.
  • The play closes with Malvolio vowing revenge and Feste singing a reflective song on love’s unpredictability.