Flashcards for:
Macrocytic Anemias

Green leafy vegetables and fruits.

They are essential for the synthesis of DNA precursors. Deficiencies lead to improper DNA synthesis and ineffective cell division, resulting in larger, immature cells called megaloblasts.

Neurological symptoms arise due to subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency.

Elevated homocysteine levels, normal methylmalonic acid levels, fatigue, pale conjunctiva, and glossitis.

Both Vitamin B9 and B12 deficiencies present elevated homocysteine levels, but only Vitamin B12 deficiency presents elevated methylmalonic acid levels.

Vitamin B12 deficiency shows elevated methylmalonic acid levels in addition to elevated homocysteine levels, while Vitamin B9 deficiency shows normal methylmalonic acid levels.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Methotrexate can cause macrocytic anemia as they are folate antagonists, interfering with DNA synthesis.

The presence of hypersegmented neutrophils.

Macrocytic anemias are characterized by an MCV > 100 fL. The normal range for MCV is 80-100 fL.

Vitamin B9 (Folate) deficiency and Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency.

Vitamin B12 binds with intrinsic factor (produced by parietal cells in the stomach) and is absorbed in the terminal ileum. Deficiency can arise from lack of intrinsic factor, pure vegan diet, malabsorption syndromes, parasitic infections, or autoimmune conditions.

Hypersegmented neutrophils are neutrophils with more than 5 lobes and they are found in megaloblastic anemia.

Reduced serum folate levels, elevated homocysteine levels, normal methylmalonic acid levels, macrocytic RBCs, and hypersegmented neutrophils.

Larger, immature red blood cells known as macrocytic RBCs.

Alcoholism can impair the absorption and metabolism of folate and other nutrients, leading to macrocytic anemia.