Notes on Information Systems Lecture by Dr. Vlad Krotov

Introduction

• Dr. Vlad Krotov, Associate Professor of Information Systems at Murray State University.
• Focus of the lecture: Understanding information systems and their components.

Learning Outcomes

• Discuss the impact of information and communication technologies on business and society.
• Explain the difference between data, information, and knowledge.
• Define systems and explain system thinking (socio-technical approach).
• Explain what information systems are and their components.
• Differentiate between Management Information Systems (MIS) and Computer Information Systems (CIS) with examples.

Information Technology (IT)

• IT is pervasive and impacts individuals, organizations, countries, and society.
• Recommended viewing: "Did You Know 2019" video highlighting technology trends.

Key Components of IT

• Software: Examples include Microsoft Excel, Word, web browsers.
  • Categories:
    • Application Software
    • System Software (e.g., Windows, iOS)
    • Utility Software (e.g., backup tools)
• Hardware: Devices such as CPUs, computers, networking equipment (routers, firewalls).
• Data: Raw facts processed to produce information.

Differences Between Data, Information, and Knowledge

• Data: Raw facts (e.g., sales transactions) that lack context.
• Information: Processed data that is meaningful and useful for decision-making (e.g., balance sheets).
• Knowledge: The ability to use information effectively to make informed decisions.

Importance of Knowledge

• Knowledge is the ultimate goal of information systems.
• Knowledge Management Systems aim to generate knowledge from information.

Definition of Information Systems

• Information systems are complex socio-technical systems that include:
  • Technical components: Software, hardware, data.
  • Non-technical components: People and organizations.
• Purpose: Transform data into useful information.

System Thinking

• A holistic perspective on complex phenomena, focusing on the interrelationships between components rather than oversimplifying.
• Example: Human respiratory system and its components working together for a common goal.

Examples of System Thinking

• Oversimplification in Health: Focusing on one issue (e.g., vitamin C) instead of understanding the complexity of health.
• Engineering Example: Importance of considering workforce conditions in construction to prevent failures.

The Levitt Diamond Framework

• Technology is just one component of an organization; it must align with organizational processes and people.
• Challenges often arise from people and organizational dynamics rather than technology itself.

Actor-Network Theory

• Analyzes technology by mapping the interrelated actors (human and non-human) involved.
• Example: Microsoft's success influenced by various actors beyond just the technology.

Differences Between CIS and MIS

• Computer Information Systems (CIS): Broader focus covering technology, business, and data, with emphasis on soft skills.
• Management Information Systems (MIS): More focused on managing information systems and their applications in business.

Examples of Information Systems

• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems: e.g., SAP with modules for various business functions (HR, procurement).
  • Used by management to improve operational efficiency.
  • Everything interconnected, cascading effects from actions taken in the system.

Conclusion

• Information systems involve a complex interplay of technical and non-technical components.
• Effective information systems enhance decision-making and operational efficiency across various fields.