Chapter Two: Overview of Interpersonal Communication
Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of interpersonal communication, covering various foundational topics for the semester.
Key topics include the definition, purposes, and components of interpersonal communication, as well as perception processes and communication models.
What is Interpersonal Communication?
Definition: Sending and receiving messages about personal experiences and information.
Communication is driven by needs (e.g., the need to be heard).
Contexts: Can be formal (e.g., workplace) or informal (e.g., family, friends), and can occur face-to-face or in mediated contexts (e.g., text, Zoom, social media).
Purpose of Interpersonal Communication
Helps achieve goals and fulfill unmet needs.
Communication is necessary for survival and to meet diverse needs as outlined by Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological Needs: Basic needs like breathing, food, water, and sleep.
Safety: Security in body, employment, resources, family, health, property.
Love and Belonging: Feeling connected to others, balancing autonomy and connection.
Esteem: Goals achievement and self-confidence; misunderstood as self-image.
Self-Actualization: Achieving one's full potential and personal goals.
Communication for Needs Fulfillment
Personal Needs: Belonging, communication; illustrated by Genie Wiley's case.
Self-Concept: Shaped by reflected appraisal (others' feedback) and lived experiences.
Building Relationships: Communication is essential for forming and maintaining relationships.
Reducing Uncertainty: People dislike uncertainty and seek to reduce it via communication.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Cognitive Uncertainty: Uncertainty about thoughts or perceptions.
Behavioral Uncertainty: Uncertainty about actions in new situations (e.g., starting a new job or school).
Strategies to reduce uncertainty:
Passive: Nonverbal observation of surroundings and people.
Active: Seeking information indirectly (e.g., asking others, online research).
Interactive: Direct face-to-face communication to gather information.
Conclusion
Understanding interpersonal communication is critical for meeting personal needs and achieving goals.
Skills in communication allow for better relationship building and managing uncertainties in social interactions.