Lecture on the Electoral College

Introduction

The Electoral College is crucial in understanding the American political system.
The President and Vice President are elected by 538 electors, not by the popular vote.
This system is defined in the U.S. Constitution.

The Founders intended to avoid a pure majority-rule democracy.
- Pure democracies can lead to the tyranny of the majority.
The government structure includes:
- Three branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.
- Equal Senate representation for states regardless of population.
- Representation in the House based on population.
- Supermajority requirement for Constitutional amendments.
The Electoral College is another safeguard against majority tyranny.

Phase 1: Popular Elections
- 51 elections are held (one per state and DC) to select electors.
- Voters cast ballots for electors pledged to presidential candidates.
Phase 2: Electoral Vote
- In December, electors vote to decide the President.
- At least 270 electoral votes are needed to win.

Promotes coalition building and national campaigning.
- A candidate needs diverse support across the country.
Prevents candidates from focusing solely on populous areas.
Every state and voter retains significance in elections.

Elections are not solely about swing states.
- "Safe" and "swing" states can change over time.
- Example: Changes in voting patterns seen in California, Texas, etc.

The Electoral College prevents majority tyranny, encourages coalition building, and reduces voter fraud.
It is seen as an ingenious method suitable for a diverse republic.

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