Lecture Notes on Trans-Saharan Trade Network

Introduction

• The lecture focuses on the Trans-Saharan Trade Network in Africa.
• This network connected North Africa, the Mediterranean world, and interior West Africa.
• Existed long before 1200 but expanded significantly during this period.

Causes of Expansion

• Innovations in Transportation Technology:
  • Introduction of the Arabian camel about 1000 years before 1200.
  • Development of camel saddles for riding and carrying merchandise.
  • Establishment of caravanserais along trade routes.
• These innovations made travel more comfortable, allowed merchants to carry larger loads, and find shelter.

Trade Goods

• Various regions exported different goods, leading to trade demand:
  • Gold
  • Crops like kola nuts
  • Horses
  • Salt, which was in high demand across Africa.

Rise of Powerful States

• Expansion of the network led to expansion of powerful states:
  • Empire of Mali:
    • Established in the 13th century.
    • Islam was introduced to the region earlier, connecting Mali to Dar al-Islam.
    • Mali grew wealthy through trade and taxing merchants.
  • Comparison to the Sultanate of Malacca in the Indian Ocean trade.
    • Both controlled strategic points along high-traffic trade routes.

Notable Figures

• Mansa Musa:
  • Mali's most powerful ruler.
  • Known for his wealth and influence.
  • Embarked on a Hajj to Mecca with a large entourage.
  • Injected so much gold into the Egyptian economy that it devalued the existing gold.
  • His journey illustrated Mali’s wealth from participating in the Trans-Saharan trade.
  • Further monopolized trade between the North and the interior of Africa.

Conclusion

• The Trans-Saharan Trade Network played a crucial role in the economic and political development of West African states like Mali.

Additional Resources

• Recommended videos and review guides for further study on unit topics and AP World exam preparation.