Overview
This lecture introduces computers, covering their functions, key components (hardware and software), types, characteristics, and basic computer security concepts.
Functions of a Computer
- Accepts data as input and processes it according to instructions.
- Stores data and instructions in memory for future use.
- Converts processed data into useful information as output.
Components of a Computer
- Hardware consists of all physical parts of a computer.
- Input devices allow users to provide data and control signals (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, webcam).
- Output devices present information to users (e.g., printer, monitor, speakers).
- System unit contains core electronic components for data processing, connected via the motherboard.
- Primary memory includes Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM).
- Secondary memory includes hard drives (HD), optical disks, and flash disks.
- Software refers to the collection of data and instructions used by a computer.
Types of Software
- System software manages basic, non-task specific computer functions.
- Application software helps users accomplish specific tasks.
Classifications of Computers
- Personal computers, workstations, minicomputers, and supercomputers are major types.
- Mobile devices include laptops, netbooks, tablets, and smartphones.
Characteristics of a Computer
- Operates at high speed and high accuracy.
- Reliable with significant storage capabilities.
- Versatile in processing different types of tasks.
Basic Computer Security Concepts
- Computer threats include viruses, Trojan horses, and worms.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Hardware — The physical components of a computer.
- Input Device — Equipment used to enter data into a computer.
- Output Device — Equipment that presents information from a computer.
- System Unit — The main case housing electronic processing components.
- Primary Memory — Memory directly accessible by the processor (RAM, ROM).
- Secondary Memory — Non-volatile storage for data (hard disk, optical disk, flash disk).
- Software — Organized collection of data and instructions for computers.
- System Software — Software for basic computer operations.
- Application Software — Software for carrying out user-defined tasks.
- Virus/Trojan Horse/Worm — Types of malicious software threats.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Familiarize yourself with input/output devices, types of memory, software classifications, and computer threats.