Overview
This lecture explains the steps and key considerations for administering a subcutaneous (subq) injection, using insulin as an example.
Subcutaneous Injection Basics
- A subcutaneous (subq) injection delivers medication into the fat layer under the skin.
- Common subq medications include heparin, insulin, and Lovenox.
- Subq injections differ from intramuscular (IM) injections, which go directly into muscle tissue.
Injection Sites
- Preferred injection sites: abdomen, back of the arms, fatty areas of the legs.
- When injecting in the abdomen, choose a site 2 inches from the umbilical area.
- Rotate injection sites to avoid repeated use of the same area.
Preparation Steps
- Gather supplies: drawn-up medication (e.g., 2 units of insulin), a subq needle, gloves, and an alcohol prep pad.
- Perform hand hygiene before putting on gloves.
Injection Procedure
- Ask the patient about the last injection site to avoid using the same spot.
- Clean the selected site for 3–5 seconds in a circular motion with the alcohol prep pad.
- Pinch the fat at the injection site.
- Insert the needle at a 90° angle without aspirating.
- Inject the medication, remove the needle, engage needle safety, and dispose in a sharps container.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Subcutaneous (subq) injection — Injection administered into the fat layer beneath the skin.
- Intramuscular (IM) injection — Injection administered directly into a muscle.
- Aspiration — Pulling back on the syringe plunger to check for blood before injecting (not required for subq injections).
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice subq injection technique on a mannequin or simulation model.
- Review related procedures, such as IM injection and IV starts, if needed.