Psychological states (ideas, moods, urges) are driven by biology.
Biological perspective studies links between biology and behavior.
Humans are biopsychosocial systems:
Biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors interact.
Historical Context
Phrenology
Developed by Franz Gaul in the 1800s.
Theory: Bumps on the skull reveal mental abilities and character traits.
Method: "Skull readings" by examining skull shape and bumps.
Modern understanding: Bumps are not indicative of brain function.
However, Gaul correctly assumed specific brain regions have functions.
Developments in Biological Psychology
Significant discoveries in biology, behavior, and mind over the past century:
Nerve cells conduct electricity and communicate via chemical messages.
Specific brain systems have particular functions.
Brain integrates information to create diverse experiences.
Adaptive brain "wired" by experience, meaning it changes with experiences.
Key Systems: Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Nervous System
Composed of a vast network of nerve cells:
Receives input from senses.
Integrates information with past experiences and knowledge.
Guides actions based on received input.
Endocrine System
To be explored further in Chapter 3 along with details on cells of the nervous system and brain.
Conclusion
This lecture sets the stage for deeper exploration into how the nervous and endocrine systems direct bodily activities. Further details will be covered in Chapter 3.