Solubility Table

Jul 12, 2024

Solubility Table Lecture Notes

Introduction

  • Purpose of a solubility table: Identifies if a compound is soluble (dissolves, aqueous) or insoluble (does not dissolve, solid).

Structure of Solubility Table

  • Four Columns:
    1. Soluble (aqueous)
    2. Exceptions making it insoluble
    3. Insoluble (solid)
    4. Exceptions making it soluble

Soluble Compounds (Aqueous)

Always Soluble

  • Group 1 Metals: Always soluble (no exceptions).
  • **Ammonium (NH4+).
  • Nitrate (NO3-).
  • Acetate (CH3COO-
  • Hydrogen Carbonate (HCO3-).
  • Chlorate (ClO3-).
  • Perchlorate (ClO4-).

Halogens (Cl, Br, I)

  • Generally soluble except with:
    • Silver (Ag)
    • Lead (Pb)
    • Mercury (Hg)

Sulfates (SO4)

  • Generally soluble except with:
    • Calcium (Ca)
    • Strontium (Sr)
    • Barium (Ba)
    • Lead (Pb)

Insoluble Compounds (Solid)

Generally Insoluble

  • Carbonates (CO3): Soluble with Group 1 metals or Ammonium.
  • Chromates (CrO4): Soluble with Group 1 metals, Calcium, Magnesium, and Ammonium.
  • Phosphates (PO4): Soluble with Group 1 metals and Ammonium.
  • Sulfides (S): Soluble with Group 1 metals and Ammonium.
  • Hydroxides (OH): Soluble with Group 1 metals, Ammonium, Calcium, Strontium, and Barium.

Example Predictions

Potassium Bromide (KBr)

  • Bromine (Br): Halogen, typically soluble.
    • Potassium (Group 1): No exceptions.
    • Result: Soluble (aqueous).

Silver Fluoride (AgF)

  • Fluorine (F): Halogen, typically soluble.
    • Silver (Ag): Exception.
    • Result: Insoluble (solid).

Lead Iodide (PbI2)

  • Iodine (I): Halogen, typically soluble.
    • Lead (Pb): Exception.
    • Result: Insoluble (solid).

Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3)

  • Nitrate (NO3): No exceptions.
    • Result: Always soluble (aqueous).

Lithium Sulfide (Li2S)

  • Sulfide (S): Generally insoluble.
    • Lithium (Group 1): Exception.
    • Result: Soluble (aqueous).

Ammonium Phosphate ((NH4)3PO4)

  • Phosphate (PO4): Generally insoluble.
    • Ammonium: Exception.
    • Result: Soluble (aqueous).

Manganese Hydroxide (Mn(OH)2)

  • Hydroxide (OH): Generally insoluble.
    • Manganese (Mn): No exception.
    • Result: Insoluble (solid).

Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3)

  • Carbonate (CO3): Generally insoluble.
    • Magnesium (Mg): No exception.
    • Result: Insoluble (solid).

Conclusion

  • Use the solubility table to predict the solubility of compounds.
  • Download the provided solubility table and refer to additional resources for more practice.