The Brain: Overview

Introduction

• The brain is the most complex organ in the human body.
• Coordinates all bodily functions.
• Weighs approximately 3 pounds; consists of fat and protein.

Main Regions of the Brain

The brain is divided into four main regions:

1. Cerebrum

• Largest section of the brain (over 75% of volume).
• Composed of neurons and nerve fibers.
• Controls higher functions:
  • Learning
  • Reasoning
  • Speech
  • Senses (sight and hearing)

2. Cerebellum

• Second largest part of the brain, located under the cerebrum.
• Contains nerve cells and nerve fibers.
• Responsible for:
  • Coordinating muscle movements
  • Maintaining balance and posture

3. Brainstem

• Anchors the brain to the spinal cord, located in front of the cerebellum.
• Composed of several structures:
  • Pons: Carries sensory information
  • Midbrain: Controls movement, auditory and visual processing
  • Medulla Oblongata: Creates pathways between midbrain, pons, and spinal cord
• Controls vital bodily functions:
  • Cardiac activity
  • Respiration
  • Digestion
  • Sleep

4. Diencephalon

• Located above the brainstem; about the size of an apricot.
• Contains key structures:
  • Thalamus: Processes and transmits sensory information (except smell)
  • Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland: Regulate neurochemicals, sensations, weight, energy, and instinctual behaviors (eating, drinking, reproduction)

Brain Protection Mechanisms

• Blood-brain barrier: A semi-permeable barrier allowing specific chemicals to enter the brain from the bloodstream.
• Note: Tumors and complications can lead to diseases like dementia.

Improving Brain Health

• Staying physically active
• Eating a balanced diet
• Can help preserve cognitive function and reduce Alzheimer's risk.

Conclusion

• The brain, despite being a small percentage of body weight, is crucial for overall bodily functions and well-being.