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The Yellow Wallpaper and Mental Health

Sep 11, 2025

Overview

The narrator, suffering from a nervous condition, recounts her prescribed rest cure in a rented ancestral house. As her isolation intensifies, she becomes obsessed with the room's yellow wallpaper, descending into psychological distress.

Arrival at the House and Medical Treatment

  • The narrator and her husband, John, rent an isolated mansion for the summer, which she finds unsettling.
  • John, a physician, dismisses her illness as temporary nervous depression and prescribes rest, prohibiting work or writing.
  • Both John and her physician brother oppose her views on treatment, restricting her stimulation and social contact.

Life in the House and Description of the Room

  • The narrator is confined to a nursery at the top of the house, which she dislikes, especially its yellow wallpaper.
  • She describes the wallpaper’s disturbing, chaotic pattern and repellent color as a persistent irritant.
  • Her attempts to discuss her discomfort or suggest changing rooms are dismissed by John, who insists on the rest cure.

Increasing Isolation and Emotional Decline

  • The narrator feels increasingly isolated and burdened, unable to help with household or childcare duties.
  • She secretly writes to cope, but fears discovery and opposition from John and his sister Jenny.
  • Efforts to communicate her distress to John result in further dismissal and encouragement to exert more self-control.

Obsession with the Wallpaper

  • The narrator becomes fixated on the wallpaper, observing hidden shapes and sensing something sinister behind it.
  • She perceives a woman trapped behind the wallpaper’s pattern, intensifying her sense of connection and anxiety.
  • Her fascination grows as she spends hours watching the wallpaper, especially by moonlight.

Deterioration and Final Breakdown

  • The wallpaper's smell and markings begin to invade her senses and daily life.
  • She believes multiple women are trapped within and sees a woman (or women) creeping outside by day.
  • In the last days, she locks herself in, peels away the wallpaper, and fully identifies with the trapped woman.
  • John discovers her creeping around the room; she declares her escape and his fainting blocks her path, which she creeps over repeatedly.

Decisions

  • Do not change rooms or wallpaper: John insists on maintaining the current arrangement for the narrator’s rest cure.
  • Remain in the house for three months: John refuses to leave before the lease ends and repairs at home are finished.

Action Items

  • TBD – Jenny: Continue household management and care for the narrator.
  • In 3 weeks – John: Plan to leave the rented house and take a trip while the home is prepared.

Questions / Follow-Ups

  • Should alternative treatments or more social stimulation be considered for the narrator’s recovery?
  • Is the rest cure exacerbating the narrator’s mental health rather than improving it?
  • What will become of the narrator after leaving the house?