Testicle Removal: Reasons, Procedures, and Effects

Introduction

• Discusses reasons for testicle removal
• Explains the procedure and aftermath

Relevant Anatomy

• Regions and Structures:
  • Groin region, specifically the right scrotal sac
  • Right testicle or testis
  • Epididymis (stores sperm cells)
  • Spermatic cord (contains blood vessels, nerves, and vas deferens)
• Terms:
  • Testis/testicle, testes/testicles (same meaning)

Procedure: Orchiectomy

• Definitions:
  • Orchiectomy: Surgical removal of one or both testicles
• Types:
  • Simple Orchiectomy: Incision in scrotal sac to remove testis and epididymis
  • Radical Orchiectomy: Removal of testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord
  • Incision location varies (scrotal sac for simple, inguinal canal for radical)

Reasons for Orchiectomy

Testicular Torsion

• Description: Twisting of testicle and spermatic cord within the scrotal sac
• Causes: Spontaneity, straining, physical activity, trauma
• Risks: Blood vessel compression can lead to tissue necrosis
• Treatment: Untwisting to preserve the testicle, fixing it to scrotal sac
• Urgency: Immediate medical attention required to prevent removal

Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testicle)

• Definition: Testicle fails to descend into the scrotum
• Developmental Timeline: Should descend by birth, observed for up to 4 months
• First-line Treatment: Surgical intervention to bring down and fixate testicle
• Complications: Risk of testicular atrophy and cancer if undetected and untreated

Testicular Cancer

• Definition: Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the testicle
• Palpable Mass: Detectable through the scrotal skin
• Concerns: Potential for metastasis via blood vessels
• Treatment: Usually involves radical orchiectomy for staging and risk assessment
• Importance of Early Detection: Routine exams and understanding symptoms/risk factors

Trauma

• Resiliency: Testicles generally resilient, but severe trauma can cause serious damage
• Types of Trauma: Blunt force, penetrating wounds
• Repair: Early surgical repair can prevent the need for removal
• Severity: Extensive damage might necessitate removal

Gender Reassignment Surgery

• Context: Removal of both testicles
• Consequences:
  • Infertility: No sperm production
  • Hormones: Significant drop in testosterone
  • Physical Effects: Changes in muscle mass, fat distribution, libido, and energy levels

Aftermath and Lifestyle

• Living with One Testicle:
  • Possible to live normal life
  • Consider prosthetic testicle for cosmetic reasons
  • Remaining testicle can often produce enough testosterone and sperm
• Living without Testicles:
  • Necessary testosterone supplementation
  • Effects on physical attributes and energy levels

Conclusion

• Overview of reasons and procedures for testicle removal
• Emphasizes the importance of timely medical intervention
• Promotes awareness and routine check-ups for early detection of potential issues

Video Quiz Question

• Why are males more likely to develop an inguinal hernia than females?
• Encouragement to engage and respond in the comments