Welcome to General Chemistry 1. This is Jennifer Sineal, your teacher for this subject. Our first topic will be an introduction about matter and its properties. Okay, so lesson outline.
So first, we're going to define matter and identify its properties. We'll also be discussing classification of matter, changes in matter, and the states or phases of matter. Okay, so this is already discussed in your...
Junior high school science. So this is basically a recap of your concepts. So what is matter?
So our usual definition of matter is it is anything that occupies space and has mass. Now what's the difference of mass and weight? So mass refers to the amount of substance, while weight would refer to the downward pull of object towards the center of the earth.
Now for the properties of matter, we actually have two types. You have the physical properties and the chemical properties. So physical properties are properties that can be observed and measured without changing the substance, while the chemical properties are properties that can only be observed by changing the type of the substance. So another classification would be the extensive versus the intensive properties. So extensive properties depends on the amount of matter.
So example, you have height, weight, temperature. size, shape, volume, and others, while the intensive properties, they depend on the type of matter, not the amount, okay? So it is actually used to identify a substance. So examples of these are boiling points, freezing points, melting points, solubility, malleability, viscosity, and others, okay? Now this flowchart is an overview, or this actually summarizes now the different types or the different classification of matter.
okay so generally uh you have two types or two classifications of matter we have the pure substances and you have your mixtures okay so let's have the pure substances first okay so pure substance actually possess definite fixed end and varying composition with unique set of properties so it so a pure substance is made up of only one kind of matter okay So your pure substances could be your elements or your compounds. So the elements are the simplest form of your substance and it cannot be decomposed by simple chemical means. And these are the building blocks of matter. Examples of your elements are carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and others. Lahat na makikita sa periodic table.
Okay? Now compounds, examples of our elements here, we have here silicon, antimony, and boron. Okay? Now different types of elements, you have your metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. So this would be discussed in another video.
So next you have your compounds. So compounds are substances that are made up of molecules with two or more kinds of atoms in definite proportions. Okay, so example I have here my favorite compound which is caffeine.
Okay, so other common compounds you have H2O or your water. Okay, so compounds can be classified as according to their bonds so it could be ionic covalent or metallic again this would be separately discussed in another chapter but again for ionic compounds the bonding is actually by electron transfer for covalent compounds you have electrons sharing and then for metallic compounds you have the interaction between metallic elements okay so according to their composition you now have two types you have the organic and the inorganic compounds so the organic compounds all of which have carbon they are classified as organic while the other elements you now have the inorganic compounds so we have your acids your bases salts and your oxides so oxides anything with oxygen and another element salts when you have combined your positive and negative ions your bases they usually contain a metal with a hydroxyl group and your acids they contain hydrogen and they yield hydrogen ions in water solution so an example of your acid is your vinegar acetic acid so you citric acid there are a lot of acids commonly found in your household okay so your bases and then example is your sodium hydroxide and a pop but I'm a pama different bases so kindly check your book for the examples okay now this is a ph scale so it would tell you the acidity and the alkalinity of your compounds. Okay? So, here are some examples.
You have a battery acid, gastric acid, fluid, oxygen, etc. So, 7, the pH 7 is actually the neutral pH. Okay, so we have here pure water. Okay, now let's go to the second classification of matter which are your mixtures. So, mixtures are actually composed of two or more substances.
So, according to appearance, you have the homogenous and the heterogeneous. mixture so homogeneous they have uniform appearance while for heterogeneous you have two or more distinct portions so they have different properties and composition okay so i have here a set of yummy food so which are which among these are homogeneous and heterogeneous okay so that's your assignment okay now um classification of mixtures according to the particle size so you have now solution so it is usually um on the molecular size so you have your solute and your solvent then you have your colloids so their size is actually 10 000 angstrom so you have two parts of this so solution maritime solid and solvent for the colloid you have your dispersing phase and the dispersion medium okay so we have the sol and gel so these are the solids and liquid the aerosols so these are the solid or liquid in gas you also have the emulsions and the liquid in solid liquid solid or liquid i mean then you also have your foam so these are the gas in a solid or liquid okay so your first phase and dimension is actually the dispersing phase while the second um faces on the dimension are the dispersion medium okay so example for the gel the salt and gel you jellyace I mean the gelatin okay so the above when you prepare your gelatin so there are solid powder so you put them in liquid so no no no make Silla okay aerosol for example you're my spray okay so there's actually liquid the by you my bottles on my spray not in for example among insecticides yeah so there are liquid particles in a pressure gas or pressurized gas in a container so emulsion for example is your mayonnaise okay and about composition of mayonnaise the egg white then you also have your oil okay so it's liquid and liquid then your foam so for example the foam is shaving cream so there are gas and solid i mean gas and liquid okay now for suspension these are mixtures with um particle size larger than 10 000 ounces An example of suspension is usually the medicines that are mixed. For example, in paracetamol, the paracetamol for kids, the one in the bottle, usually you shake it, right?
You need to shake it first for the particles to really mix with the solution or with the fluid part. Okay? So, there are some separation techniques. for your mixture so wedding filtration so this is the separation of a solid from a liquid using a filtering membrane so distillation separation of liquids in homogeneous mixture then you have your magnetic separation so obviously magnets then you have the incantation so this is the separation of a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture based by gravity and last we have your sublimation so this is for the separation of your volatile solid in volatile solid from a non-volatile solid okay now changes in matter i know you already um knew this so just an overview or just a recap we have your physical and chemical changes so physical changes these are the changes in physical properties without changing its chemical composition while chemical so it's a change in its chemical composition and constitution of the substance So, in physical change, no new product is formed, it's temporarily reversible, and there is no change in mass.
Chemical change, there is new product formed, it is permanent, irreversible, and there is a change in mass. Now, examples of changes in matter. So, in physical, you have your evaporation, which is the change from liquid to gas, condensation, gas to liquid, melting or liquefaction, it is the change from solid to liquid, freezing or solidification.
change from liquid to solid, you have your sublimation from solid to gas, and last you have your deposition or the change from gas to solid. So examples of chemical changes, you have your burning, rusting, curdling, rancidification, digestion, photosynthesis, cooking, fermentation, and a lot more. Okay, now, states of matter. Are you still confused about the states of matter? So I hope none of them are left.
So if you're still confused, kindly send me a message. So solid, so we have your solid, liquid, and air gases. And you also have your plasma. So it is said to be the fourth state of matter. It's not a common state present on Earth, but it is most common in the outer space, in the universe.
Now again, as I mentioned, this is just an overview of matter and its properties. another topic related to matter and its properties is actually um measurements and application of mathematics in chemistry okay so we'll have a separate video on that so i hope this brief video gave you um a recap of the basic concepts that you would be needing in general chemistry one okay so if you have questions comment and comment them down below or you may send me a personal message hey so i'll see you in my next video i hope you learned something bye