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Understanding Eye and Ear Anatomy

Oct 24, 2024

Anatomy and Physiology of Eye and Ear

Overview

  • Focus on eye and ear anatomy and physiology.
  • Discussion of vision and hearing disorders.
  • Includes a quiz at the end.

Eye Anatomy

  • Layers of the Eye:
    • Outer Layer:
      • Sclera: White fibrinous tissue.
      • Cornea: Transparent tissue allowing light entry.
    • Middle Layer:
      • Iris: Colored part, controls pupil size.
      • Ciliary Body: Produces aqueous humor.
      • Choroid: Main blood supply to retina.
    • Inner Layer:
      • Retina: Contains rods and cones, transmits impulses to optic nerve.

Pathway of Light Waves

  • Enters through cornea → aqueous humor → pupil → lens → vitreous body → retina → optic nerve → brain (visual cortex in occipital lobe).

Eye Disorders

  • Cataracts: Protein clumps on lens causing opacity.
  • Glaucoma: Overproduction or outflow obstruction of aqueous humor.
  • Retinal Detachment: Buildup of vitreous humor causing detachment.

Ear Anatomy

  • External Ear:
    • Structures: Pinna, external ear canal.
    • Cerumen: Ear wax, normal finding.
    • Otitis Externa: Inflammation, aka swimmer's ear.
  • Middle Ear:
    • Tympanic Membrane: Separates external and middle ear.
    • Bony Ossicles: Malleus, incus, stapes.
    • Eustachian Tube: Connects to nasopharynx, equalizes air pressure.
  • Inner Ear:
    • Cochlea: Contains nerve cells for hearing.
    • Semicircular Canals: Receptors for balance.

Pathway of Sound Waves

  • Enters through external ear canal → tympanic membrane (vibrates) → bony ossicles → oval window → cochlea (vibrations to electrical impulses) → auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII) → brain (auditory cortex in temporal lobe).

Quiz Questions

  1. What portion of the eye contains rods and cones and transmits impulses to the optic nerve?
    • Answer: Retina
  2. What part of the ear contains nerve cells responsible for hearing?
    • Answer: Cochlea
  3. What structure in the ear is responsible for equalizing pressure in the middle ear?
    • Answer: Eustachian tube

Conclusion

  • Encouragement to subscribe and share.
  • Interaction suggestion: Like, comment, share the video.

Full transcript