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Understanding Psychotherapy and Its Approaches
May 21, 2025
Chapter 5: Therapeutic Approaches
Nature and Process of Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy:
Voluntary relationship between client and therapist for solving psychological problems.
Goals:
Change maladaptive behaviors, reduce personal distress, and improve environment adaptation.
Characteristics:
Systematic application of therapy principles, limited to trained professionals.
Relationship:
Confidential, interpersonal, and dynamic; aims to build trust and facilitate change.
Goals Include:
Reinforcing resolve for betterment.
Lessening emotional pressure.
Positive growth potential.
Modifying habits and thinking patterns.
Increasing self-awareness and improving interpersonal relations.
Therapeutic Relationship
Therapeutic Alliance:
Contractual, trusting, and confiding relationship between client and therapist.
Properties:
High trust level for client to open up.
Unconditional positive regard from therapist.
Empathy over sympathy to understand client’s perspective.
Confidential and professional nature.
Types of Therapies
Psychodynamic Therapy:
Focus on intrapsychic conflicts.
Behavior Therapy:
Addresses faulty behaviors and thought patterns.
Cognitive Therapy:
Focus on irrational beliefs causing distress.
Existential Therapies:
Explore meaning of life and personal growth.
Behaviour Therapy
Focus:
Maladaptive behavior patterns.
Techniques:
Negative reinforcement and aversive conditioning.
Positive reinforcement and token economy.
Systematic desensitization for phobias.
Method:
Behavioral analysis and formulation of treatment packages.
Cognitive Therapy
Rational Emotive Therapy (RET):
By Albert Ellis.
ABC Analysis (Antecedent-Belief-Consequence).
Refutation of irrational beliefs.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)
Approach:
Integrates cognitive and behavior therapies.
Focus:
Biological, psychological, and social aspects of psychopathology.
Effectiveness:
Short and efficacious for various disorders.
Humanistic-existential Therapy
Focus:
Loneliness, alienation, and self-actualization.
Approach:
Encourage personal growth and emotional expression.
Existential Therapy
Logotherapy:
By Victor Frankl. Focuses on finding meaning in life.
Client-Centered Therapy:
By Carl Rogers emphasizes empathy and unconditional positive regard.
Gestalt Therapy
Goal:
Increase self-awareness and self-acceptance.
Method:
Recognize and act out blocked emotions and conflicts.
Factors Contributing to Healing
Techniques:
Effective application by therapists.
Catharsis:
Emotional unburdening.
Non-specific Factors:
Client motivation and therapist's mental health.
Ethics in Psychotherapy
Standards:
Informed consent, confidentiality, alleviating distress, integrity, respect, and professional competence.
Alternative Therapies
Examples:
Yoga, meditation, acupuncture.
Benefits:
Improved well-being, mood, attention, and stress tolerance.
Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill
Aim:
Improve quality of life and self-sufficiency.
Therapies:
Occupational, social skills, and vocational training.
Key Terms
Examples:
Alternative therapy, behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, empathy, etc.
Review and Project Ideas
Review Questions:
Cover psychotherapy scope, types, techniques, healing factors, etc.
Project Ideas:
Explore token systems and unconditional positive regard effects.
Weblinks and Pedagogical Hints
Web Resources:
Links for further reading.
Hints:
Connections to personality theories, role-play for understanding applications.
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https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lepy105.pdf