AP World History Units 6-9 Lecture Notes

Introduction

Big Idea 1: Ideologies contributing to imperialism
- Cultural ideologies like belief in European superiority.
- "White Man's Burden" and Social Darwinism.
- Nationalist motives and desire to spread Christianity.
Big Idea 2: Consolidation and expansion of imperial power
- Non-state entities to state control (e.g., Congo, India).
- New imperial powers: USA, Japan, Russia.
- Scramble for Africa led to Berlin Conference.
Big Idea 3: Resistance to imperialism
- Direct resistance (e.g., Tupac Amaru in Peru, Indian Mutiny).
- Creation of new states (e.g., Balkan nationalism).
Big Idea 4: Economic motives and global transformations
- Shift from subsistence to cash crop farming.
- Economic transformation serving imperial powers.
Big Idea 5: Economic imperialism
- Economic control over countries (e.g., Opium Wars in China).
- Spheres of influence in China.
Big Idea 6: Migration patterns
- Reasons for migration: work, bad conditions at home.
- New labor systems (indentured servitude, Asian contract laborers, penal colonies).
- Ethnic enclaves and urbanization.

Big Idea 1: State changes post-1900
- Russian Revolution, China's end of dynastic rule, Mexican Revolution.
Big Idea 2: Causes of World War I
- MAIN: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.
- Trigger: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Big Idea 3: World War I strategies and technologies
- Total war and propaganda.
- New military technologies: poison gas, machine guns, trench warfare.
Big Idea 4: Post-WWI government roles
- Great Depression and government economic intervention (New Deal).
- Nazi Germany's economic policies.
Big Idea 5: Causes of World War II
- Treaty of Versailles' problematic clauses on Germany.
- Rise of fascist regimes (e.g., Nazi Germany).
Big Idea 6: WWII as a total war
- Propaganda, use of colonial troops.
- New military tactics: firebombing, atomic bomb.
Big Idea 7: Genocide and ethnic violence
- Nazi Holocaust.
- Holodomor in Ukraine.

Big Idea 1: Cold War overview
- Ideological struggle: USA vs. Soviet Union.
- Non-Aligned Movement in decolonizing states.
Big Idea 2: Effects of the Cold War
- Arms race, military alliances (NATO, Warsaw Pact), proxy wars.
Big Idea 3: Spread of communism
- China's communist revolution under Mao Zedong.
Big Idea 4: Decolonization processes
- Negotiated independence (e.g., India) vs. armed conflict (e.g., Algeria).
Big Idea 5: Political boundary changes and conflicts
- Example: Israel and Palestine partition.
Big Idea 6: Economic strategies in new states
- Example: Nasser's policies in Egypt.
Big Idea 7: Resistance movements
- Non-violent (e.g., Gandhi, MLK, Mandela) vs. violent resistance.
Big Idea 8: End of the Cold War
- US military advances, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Gorbachev's reforms.

Big Idea 1: Technologies and globalization
- Communication, transportation technologies, energy, and medical advancements.
Big Idea 2: Diseases in the global age
- Diseases associated with poverty and old age.
Big Idea 3: Environmental issues
- Deforestation, desertification, air quality, fresh water scarcity, climate change.
Big Idea 4: Economic changes since 1900
- Free market economics, knowledge economies, multinational corporations.
Big Idea 5: Human rights and economic inequality
- Global movements for reform in race, class, gender, and culture.
Big Idea 6: Globalized culture
- Music, movies, consumer culture.
Big Idea 7: Resistance to globalization
- Resistance movements against global institutions.
Big Idea 8: International cooperation
- Formation and role of the United Nations.