Lecture Notes: Apologetics - Lecture 2

Introduction to Apologetics

• Definition: Apologetics derives from the Greek word apologia found in the New Testament.
• Biblical Reference: Apostle Peter urges Christians to be prepared to defend their faith against criticism (1 Peter 3:15).
• Historical Context: Early Church had to respond to distorted reports and philosophical debates with Hellenistic philosophers.
• Dual Nature: Apologetics involves both defending against objections (defensive) and constructing a positive case for Christianity (offensive).

The Importance of Responding to Objections

• Task: Address every objection that is raised, as exemplified by anecdotes from personal experiences.
• Bias Against Christianity: Some individuals may continue to debate without being genuinely interested in the responses.
• Purpose: To continue addressing objections as long as they persist.

Constructing a Philosophical Defense

• Positive Task: Building a case for Christianity that is universally applicable.
• Offensive Approach: Establishing the truth of Christianity through comprehensive philosophical arguments.

Varied Approaches in Apologetics

• Historical Approaches: Different strategies taken by Christians over time.
• Starting Point Debate:
  • Existence of God: Argument from rational argumentation (as per the speaker's preference).
  • Historical Jesus: Starting from Jesus to argue back to God (Lutheran scholar's preference).
  • Authority of the Bible: Establishing the Bible’s authority first.

Apologetics and Reformed Theology

• Belief in Divine Intervention: No one can respond positively to the Gospel unless the Holy Spirit changes their heart.
• Common Question: If apologetics can’t convert anyone, why bother?
• Biblical Mandate: Scriptural backing from 1 Peter 3:15 for engaging in apologetics.

Role of Apologetics

• Shaming Critics: Like John Calvin’s idea, apologetics aims to stop the mouths of critics through strong arguments.
• Cultural Climate: The need to defend Christianity against intellectual ridicule and to show that belief in God is rational and scientific.

Historical Examples

• John Calvin: Though believed in the necessity of the Holy Spirit for conversion, still engaged in apologetics.
• Medieval Apologists: Philosophy assisted theology; prominent apologists like Aquinas were highly respected.

Rationality and Science in Apologetics

• Resisting Unbelief: Demonstrating that rejecting Christianity is irrational and unscientific.
• Tools of Inquiry: Using rational and scientific methods to support Christian truth claims.

Distinction Between Proof and Persuasion

• Proof: Providing sound, demonstrable arguments.
• Persuasion: Conversion and full acceptance depend on the Holy Spirit.
• Calvin’s View: Apologists should focus on proof, leaving persuasion to God.

Practical Implications

• Intellectual Victories: Often realized internally rather than publicly during debates.
• Encouragement for Young Christians: Apologetics can build confidence and defend against scholarly criticisms.
• Examples from History: Figures like Justin Martyr provided credibility to the Christian community through their apologetics.

Conclusion

• Mandate of Apologetics: Continues to be important for defending the faith and providing credible reasons for belief.