AP Physics 1 Review Lecture Notes

Introduction

• Purpose: Condensed review of AP Physics 1 for quick refresher before exams.
• Resources: Longer review playlist, Ultimate Exam Slayer, and Ultimate Review Packet available.
• Format: No questions in review, rapid coverage of topics.

Unit 1: Kinematics

• Vectors vs Scalars:
  • Vectors: Magnitude and direction
  • Scalars: Magnitude only
• Distance and Displacement:
  • Distance: Length of path (scalar)
  • Displacement: Straight-line distance (vector)
• Velocity and Acceleration:
  • Average velocity = Displacement/Time
  • Velocity is a vector
  • Average acceleration = Change in velocity/Time
  • Acceleration is a vector
• Graphical Analysis:
  • Slope of position-time graph = Velocity
  • Slope of velocity-time graph = Acceleration
  • Area under velocity-time graph = Change in position
  • Area under acceleration-time graph = Change in velocity
• Projectile Motion:
  • Only gravitational force, acceleration in y = 9.81 m/s² (use 10 m/s² for exams)
  • Use UAM equations for y-direction, constant velocity for x-direction

Unit 2: Force and Translational Dynamics

• Center of Mass:
  • Sum of mass*position/total mass
• Forces:
  • Result of interaction between two objects
  • Free Body Diagrams: Show forces acting on an object
  • Normal force: Perpendicular to surface, tension: along rope
• Newton's Laws:
  • First law (Inertia): Object's state remains unless acted on by net, external force
  • Second law: Net force = mass * acceleration
  • Third law: Equal and opposite forces
• Friction:
  • Kinetic: Coefficient * normal force
  • Static: Adjusts to prevent sliding
• Gravitational Force:
  • Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
  • Force = Gm1m2/r²*

Unit 3: Work, Energy, and Power

• Kinetic and Potential Energy:
  • Translational KE: 1/2 mv²
  • Gravitational PE: mgh
  • Elastic PE: 1/2 kx²
• Work:
  • Transfer of energy: Force * displacement * cos(theta)
• Conservative vs Nonconservative Forces:
  • Conservative: Path-independent
  • Nonconservative: Path-dependent
• Energy Conservation:
  • Total mechanical energy conserved if no nonconservative work

Unit 4: Linear Momentum

• Momentum:
  • p = mv (vector)
  • Impulse = Change in momentum
• Collisions:
  • Elastic: KE conserved
  • Inelastic: KE not conserved
  • Perfectly inelastic: Objects stick

Unit 5: Torque and Rotational Dynamics

• Torque:
  • τ = rFsin(theta)
• Rotational Kinematics:
  • Angular displacement, velocity, acceleration
  • UAM equations adapted for rotation
• Rotational Inertia:
  • Resistance to angular acceleration
• Equilibrium:
  • Rotational equilibrium: Net torque = 0

Unit 6: Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems

• Rotational Kinetic Energy:
  • 1/2 Iω²
• Angular Momentum:
  • L = Iω
  • Conservation if net torque = 0

Unit 7: Oscillations

• Simple Harmonic Motion:
  • Restoring force is proportional to displacement
• Spring and Pendulum:
  • Period and frequency relations

Unit 8: Fluids

• Pressure and Density:
  • Pressure = Force/Area
  • Density = Mass/Volume
• Buoyancy:
  • Buoyant force = Weight of displaced fluid
• Fluid Dynamics:
  • Continuity equation
  • Bernoulli’s equation

Conclusion

• Resources and Encouragement: Additional extensive resources and support available.
• Final thoughts: Confidence in students’ success.